NEW BRITAIN 



James Shepard. 




Qass TZZS 

Book .N(>S<b 



NEW BRITAIN PATENTS 

AND 

PATENTEES, 

With a List of New Britain Patents Prior to i90\f 
Arranged Alphabetically as to Patentees. 

By JAMES SHEPARD, 

M 

Author of ^'Governor "William Bradford and his Son Major William 

Bradford/* '^Connecticut Men in the Pequot "War/' ''The 

United States Patent System/* Etc. 



APPENDIX* 
^Thc Origin of New Britain Manufacturers/^ 

By the Hon. F. T. STANLEY. 



PUBLISHED BY 

JAMES SHEPARD, 

NEW BRITAIN, CONN, 

I9OI. 






''Invention is activity of mincj^ as fire 
is air in motion. 

A sharpening of the spiritual sight, to 
discern hidden aptitudes." 

''For we learn upon a hint, we find 
upon a clue. We yield a hundred fold ; 
but the great sower is Analogy." 



^^ 



^c 



ip 



PREFACE. 

Having devoted thirty-five years of my life to the study 
of patents, and, knowing that their true value to the public is 
generally unappreciated and sometimes wholly ignored, I 
have been led to make a special study of the history and 
value of New Britain patents and learned, with pleasure, that 
New Britain stands at 

The Head of the Inventive World. 

This book is the result of such study and is given to the 
public for the purpose of placing the result of my labors in a 
permanent form, and to give in a convenient form the names 
of the many inventors whose patents have not only honored 
our city, but have also materially added to its wealth and 
prosperity. It seems also appropriate in this connection to 
reprint the article on ''The Origin of New Britain Manu- 
facturers," by the first Mayor of our city, the Hon. Frederick 
T. Stanley, who in his lifetime did so much for the public, 
both as a manufacturer and as a citizen. 

On the front cover I reproduce the drawing of a patent 
for a paper box to H. H. Corbin, dated Aug. 17, 1869. 
This particular patent was selected for this purpose, partly 
because it bears the autograph of F. T. Stanley as one of the 7 
witnesses, partly because it is a comparatively early patent, 
and because it is a good example of how an extremeW^ 
simple device may develop into a valuable patent. The " 
value of this patent, as shown by the actual sales and profits, .ji^ 
was thousands of dollars. \ 



I acknowledge my indebtedness to preceding historians 
for many facts herein given. For further facts as to our 
industrial history, see Prof. David N. Camp's ''History of 
New Britain," Deacon Alfred Andrews' ''Genealogy and 
Ecclesiastical History" of the First Church and Society of 
New Britain, Deacon Charles Peck's "New Britain Fifty 
Years Ago," a typewritten copy of which is in the Institute 
Library, and "New Britain" by George C. Atwell, in Vol. 6, 
No. 3, Connecticut Magazine, March and April, 1900. 



April 15, 1901. 



JAMES SHEPARD,. 

New Britain, Conn. 



Arrangement. 

I. History and General Review. 

n. Number of New Britain Patents by Years, 

in. Number of New Britain Patents by Decades. 

IV. Alphabetical List of Patentees. 

V. The Origin of New Britain Manufacturers. 



NEW BRITAIN PATENTS AND PATENTEES 
PRIOR TO 1900. 



History and General Review. 

The first resident of New Britain to avail himself of 
industrial legislation in any manufacture, was probably 
Elijah Hinsdale, the maternal grandfather of Elihu Burritt, 
the learned blacksmith. In May, 1784, the State of Con- 
necticut voted a bounty of two pence lawful money, for each 
ounce of silk, well dried, '^to whoever shall make any raw 
silk from worms and mulberry trees of his own raising 
within the state," for ten years after July i of that year. 
On Feb. 12, 1777, Mr. Hinsdale bought the house at the 
corner of East and Smalley streets, and other lands, includ- 
ing an eight-acre lot lying west of the cemetery. He was a 
blacksmith, but he had on this lot, says Andrews, *'a mul- 
berry orchard and a Silk house, where the worms were fed 
and where the silk was reeled and manufactured to such an 
extent that he obtained a yearly bounty from the state for 
many years. This Silk house was occupied by Mr. Burritt 
and his family until its destruction by fire." Mr. Hinsdale 
died June 26, 1797, age 54. It was seven years after he 
purchased his land here that the silk bounty law went into 
effect, so that he was just in time to reap the full benefit of 
that act. Aside from the ordinary blacksmiths, saw mills, 
grist mills, cider mills, clothiers, tanners, coopers and shoe- 
makers, common to every agricultural community, 'Mr. 
Hinsdale was probably the first m'anufacturer in New Britain, 
as well as the first to receive industrial protection. The 



6 

blacksmiths, above all others, were practically the skilled 
mechanics of those days and must have been true inventors 
if we judge by the great variety of articles that they made, 
including such tools and utensils as were needed in the farm 
and mill work of the place, and sometimes hand-bells, cow- 
bells, harness and shoe buckles. A few other artisans fur- 
nished their peculiar products, which were well known, and 
when the people wanted anything that no one else could 
supply they went to the blacksmith. There were several 
shops in Berlin where tinware was made for sale by peddlers, 
and before 1800 it was manufactured on East street by Seth 
Lewis, and by Thomas Lee about 1800 on the present site of 
Hicks' block on West Main street. 

The various artisans in New Britain prior to 1800, 
except Mr. Hinsdale and the tinners, were not manufacturers 
in the sense of making goods to put on the market generally, 
for they only manufactured to order for this vicinity. 

Previous to 1800 James North, senior, had made a few 
brass buckles, andirons, etc., in his blacksmith shop and 
sold them to his neighbors. It was largely, owing to his 
foresight and enterprise, that New Britain became a hard- 
ware city. He not only sent his son James away to learn 
the hardware business, but also induced the parents of Joseph 
Booth and Joseph Shipman to send their sons and thus ''let 
the three boys go together" to Stockbridge, Mass., to learn 
of Joseph Barton the trade of brass founder, clock maker 
and silver spoon maker. The result was that two of these 
boys, James North, Jr., and Joseph Shipman, commenced 
the manufacture of sleigh bells in the spring of 1800, near 
the residence of the late Frederick N. Stanley, which business 
was continued by them and their successors without com- 
petition until 1840, and was the leading business of the place 
until* 1830. Aside from tinware this was the first hardware 
ever made in New Britain designed for an outside market. 



They transported their goods in saddle bags, the markets 
being divided between Boston, Albany, New York and 
Philadelphia. They borrowed money for this enterprise of 
the Rev. Dr. Smalley. Joseph Shipman's capital stock 
consisted of fifty dollars. At the price and profits of those 
days he was not only able to refund his borrowed money, 
but he thus rose to comparative wealth and influence. 

Manufacturers were so few that it was not at all neces- 
sary to guard against competition by patents. In fact the 
U. S. patent act was then a mere infant, only ten years old, 
and only one hundred and seventy-nine patents had been 
granted in the whole country. Prior to 1790 the only pro- 
tection was by some special act of the Colony or State, as 
for example the bounty on silk before referred to or the 
grant of some individual right. One reason that manufac- 
turers were so slow to avail themselves of the benefit of the 
patent act was because there were so few manufacturers. 
The design of the act was to encourage manufacturing and 
we may truly say that the said design has been accomplished. 
The more manufacturers we have, the greater the necessity 
of patents as a protection against competition, and thus 
manufacturers and patents multiply together. 

Prior to 1850 most of the New Britain inventors who 
secured patents gave their residence as Berlin and thus it is 
possible that some New Britain patentees may have been 
overlooked. The first person to receive a United States 
patent that I can identify as a resident of New Britain was 
Joseph Sage, April 14, 1810, for an improvement in Clothes- 
pressing machines. The Berlin land records show that he 
was the son of Solomon Sage of Wethersfield and resided 
from time to time in New Britain and in Granby, Conn. 
Nothing more is known of him or his patent. 

On Dec. 31, 181 2, Ozias Hart patented a rake for 
collecting apples. Nothing is known as to what, if anything, 



8 

was done under the said patent. Andrews says that he was 
a farmer and also ran a saw mill. ^^He had an active, but 
somewhat erratic mind, a man of stern virtue and integrity," 
He died Feb. 6, 1845, ^g^ 77- 

Linus Burwell patented a Door Spring, Nov. 25, 1829. 
He was one of the trustees of the Methodist church here in 
1833 and lived in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1847, but I cannot say 
whether or not any of his door springs were ever used. 

Samuel Booth took a patent for Brazing and Bronzing 
Bells for Cows, &c., on June i, 1832, and he has the honor 
of being the first person ever known to have manufactured 
goods in New Britain under a U. S. patent. He was a 
blacksmith and lived in an old red house where the South 
Church now stands, his shop being in the rear of the house. 
Besides the usual blacksmith products, he made cow-bells, 
plows, bureau locks, sad irons and bellows pipes. He ap- 
pears to have met the common lot of many inventors, for, 
Andrews says, "He had various losses and successes in 
business, experienced much joy and sorrow in life, and died 
in hope of a glorious resurrection. May 11, 1846, age 56." 

Henry L. Bidwell patented a Cooking Stove, or diges- 
tive furnace, March 8, 1833. He lived in Stanley Quarter 
on the John Stanley place, which contained a water power. 
Dea. Alfred Andrews says he manufactured cooking stoves 
there. He removed to Hartford, then to New York City. 
He recruited in New Britain and became Capt. of Co. A, 
13th Regt., Conn. Volunteers, and died in the service at 
New Orleans, June 15, 1863, age 58. Andrews has the 
honor of being the only historian known to me to mention 
this manufacture, and his statement seems to fit very well 
with the fact that Bidwell had a patent on stoves. 

Alvin North patented a Saddle-bag Fastening, Dec. 29, 
1837. We have no specific information concerning its 
manufacture, but it is well known that he was one of the 



9. 

earliest of our manufacturers, of whom the present North 
& Judd Mfg. Co. is the successor. As early as 1812, Alvin 
& Seth J. North and Hezekiah C. Whipple, a jeweler from 
Providence, R. I., began what was called the ^'Plating Busi- 
ness." They made wire by plating copper bars with silver 
and then drawing it into wire which, like the bars, had a 
coating of silver and a core or body of copper, the only 
effect of drawing being to reduce the size and increase the 
length. This was a valuable invention, but was dedicated to 
the public by failure to secure a patent therefor. From this 
wire they made rings for men's overcoats, hooks and eyes 
for women's wear, and curb-chains for bridles. The business 
passed into the hands of Alvin & S. J. North, and was 
greatly increased in variety and amount. 

Orin S. North patented a Mail-bag Label, March 18, 
1844. He was a son of Alvin North, who probably made 
the patented goods. 

On Sept. 4, 1847, Morton Judd patented a Sash Fas- 
tener. A few years before this, John Stanley built a house 
north of the present railway, where the Railroad block now 
stands. It was the first house in town in which the window 
sashes were provided with weights. He bought sash fas- 
teners of English make in New York. Mr. Stanley showed 
these fasteners to Mr. Oliver S. Judd and suggested that 
they might make a good article to manufacture. Mr. Judd 
made some improvement thereon and applied for a patent in 
1846, but it was rejected. His brother, Morton, got up 
another fastener which resulted in the patent of 1847. The 
Judds manufactured these fasteners and also window sash 
pulleys under the patent to Oliver S. Judd, June 13, 1848, at 
the present O. S. Judd factory on West Main street, and 
they were the first to ever make fasteners for the meeting 
rails of sashes in this country. At first they did not mark 
the fasteners as patented. The result was that a firm in 



10 

Chicago soon commenced to make them, but stopped im- 
mediately upon being notified of the patent. Some one also 
took the Judd fastener and reproduced them in England for 
importing to this country, but, after notice of the patent, the 
sale of these imported fasteners was stopped. With these 
two exceptions no one ever attempted to make Judd's fas- 
tener until after the patent expired, but others in this town 
put his fasteners into the sand for making an exact copy 
thereof, the very day the patent expired. This was a literal 
fulfillment of the law which grants patents for a limited time 
in consideration of having the invention fully and clearly 
disclosed so that others may reap the benefit of the same as 
soon as the patents expires. Before this patent expired the 
Judds sold their fastener for ^1.25 per dozen. Similar fas- 
teners are now sold for only 20 cents per dozen. It was in 
the manufacture of these patented goods that the Judds made 
their first and great success as manufacturers. 

John Low patented a Harness Hame April 9, 1850, and 
May 28 of the same year Alvin and Oliver B. North and 
Stephen Frink patented machinery for making four-sided 
buckles. These patents would naturally go into the business 
of the North Brothers. Mr. Low was one of the first Irish- 
men to reside in New Britain, as well as the first foreign 
born resident of New Britain to receive a patent. He is still 
living in the north part of the city. 

Lucien E. Hicks patented a machine for Making Eye- 
lets Dec. 17, 1850. He came from Providence and was 
probably an employee of the North & Stanley Co., who 
made hooks and eyes at the Corbin shop on Park street. 
The first machine used in the manufacture of hooks and eyes 
was constructed about 1830 by Levi Lincoln of Hartford 
upon the order of Henry North. It was considered success- 
ful, but was improved upon from time to time by various 
mechanics besides Mr. Hicks, whose patent was the second 
one ever issued on machines for making hooks and eyes. 



11 

Elijah A. Andrews patented a Trunk Handle March i8, 
1851, the history of which I do not know, but Mr. Andrews 
worked for O. B. North. 

On Dec. 16, 185 1, John Paige Pepper patented a Min- 
eral Composition resembling jasper. He was the founder of 
the Mineral Knob Co., who made door knobs on the trian- 
gular piece of land east of High street and between the 
railroad and Lake street, where the Stanley Works' old tack 
shop was burned. The business was successful, many knobs 
being made and sold under the said patent. It is reported 
that in addition to this patent he held some secret as to the 
manufacture that he guarded with great care. Mr. C. B. 
Erwin, who was interested in the company, feared that he 
would run away and carry the secret with him and therefore 
watched him very closely for a long time. Finally Mr. 
Pepper left, but Mr. Erwin was on hand and, following him 
to the depot, detained him there until he divulged the secret. 

I have no history of the patent granted April 20, 1852, 
to Amon L. Finch for Incasing Car Wheels and Axles, but 
he was a Hame Maker and had a shop on Pearl street. 

James D. Smith patented a Sash Stopper and Fastener 
Oct. 19, 1852. I understand he was employed by the 
Russell & Erwin Co. 

On Jan. 15, 1856, H. M. Clark patented a Bolt Heading 
Machine. He built the machine in the shop on Elm street 
now occupied by the New Britain Hardware Co. It was 
probably a succcess, as he sold out to a party in Southington. 

The same year Henry Isham patented his famous Bank 
Lock on July i. It proved to be one of the best bank locks 
ever produced and some of them, I believe, are in use to this 
day. His locks were made by Mr. Frederic H. North under 
the name of the New Britain Bank Lock Co., and it was an 
exceedingly profitable business. 



12 

In 1857 only two New Britain patents were issued, one 
of which was to Mr. Isham for an improvement on his lock, 
and the other to H. M. Clark for a Wrench. 

We were able to follow the early New Britain patents 
thus in detail because only twenty were issued prior to 1858. 
There were sixteen consecutive years between 181 2 and 1829 
in which no patent was issued to a New Britain party, and 
three such years between 1852 and 1856. This, however, is 
the last break and we have now reached a point where we 
can no longer stop to mention each patent, for fourteen 
New Britain patents were issued in 1858. Of these we may 
note that Cornelius B. Erwin received two patents and Henry 
E. Russell, Sr., one, all for Designs for a Door Lock Plate. 
These were the first design patents ever granted to New 
Britain men. 

We find only four women in our list of New Britain 
patentees. Sarah Jane Wheeler patented a Curry Comb in 
1 86 1. Elizabeth Monier, jointly with Frederick Monier, 
took a patent for a Fruit Jar Cover Fastening in T890 ; Alice 
M. Hobson took a patent for a Steam-cooker in 1891, and 
Frances E. Maisonville took a patent for a Meat-tenderer in 
1897. 

In all, 1447 patents were issued to residents of New 
Britain prior to 1900. The largest number issued in any one 
year was 67 patents in 1899. In 1878 we had only 19 
patents, the smallest number for any one year since 1865. 
Taken by decades there has been a continual and steady 
growth in the number of our patents. During the last decade 
there was an increase of over 56 per cent, on all the patents 
that had been issued to us during the previous century of our 
patent law. In this century we took 927 patents. In the 
last ten years we took 520. This number, however, only 
includes patents to resident inventors and therefore does not 
fully represent the patents owned by our manufacturers nor 



13 

those issued to New Britain mechanics who reside out of 
town. Our manufacturers have owned or controlled many 
patents of which we have no record or of which the in- 
ventors resided elsewhere although employed here, as for 
example Horace K. Jones of Hartford, who has worked for 
the Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co. since 1878, and during that 
time has assigned to them not less than 47 patents. Rus- 
sell & Erwin not only take the lead in the total number of 
patents assigned to them, but also in having the largest 
number of patents in any one year, viz.: the year 1870, when 
they had 59 patents granted to them as assignees, and in 
1899 they had 29. The next largest number in any one year 
to any firm is 25 to the American Button Fastener Co. in 
1885. The following list gives the eight highest of record as 
to the total number of patents issued to our manufacturers 
as assignees : 

Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co., 308 

P. & F. Corbin, 192 

Stanley Works, 70 

Landers, Frary & Clark, 63 

Stanley Rule & Level Co., 57 

American Button Fastener Co., 54 

Traut & Hine Mfg. Co., 39 

North & Judd Mfg. Co., 28 

Of the inventors Mr. Justus A. Traut heads the list as 
to the number of patents taken, he having had more than 
twice as many as the next highest on the list. The twelve 
highest numbers are as follows : 

Justus A, Traut, 113 

Thomas Corscaden, 51 

George E. Adams, 48 

Elihu Thomson, 42 

Emery Parker, 39 



14 

Charles M. Burgess, ) 

Henry G. Voight, f ^^''^ ^6 

Eleazer Kempshall, 34 

Frank W. Mix, ) , 

' >- each 33 

Frank J. Herrick, ) 

William E. Sparks, 30 

William H. Hart, 29 

William Gorman, 28 

Thomas H. Brady, ) , 

Henry E. Russell, Jr., ) 



24 



It is easy to ask the question, what were all these 
patents worth, and have they ever amounted to anything, 
anyway? As to what they are worth, no one can answer 
definitely. But that they are very valuable and have ma- 
terially added to the prosperity and wealth of New Britain 
is a fact that no one who knows their history can dispute. 
We cannot claim for New Britain any such great invention 
as the telephone nor other great wonder of the age. In fact 
many of the inventions that have revolutionized the age, like 
the electric light, electric cars, bicycles and automobiles, 
have not been single inventions nor the work of any one 
person, but they have been built up piece-meal by many 
different inventors. There were many patents on electric 
roads and cars before the present trolley car was invented. 
The patent for the trolley pole alone was valued at the rate 
of one hundred dollars per car for all the cars in the country. 
While the first electric light was not invented in New Britain, 
we may say that the General Electric Company was born in 
New Britain. Professors Elihu Thomson and Edwin J. 
Houston of Philadelphia, who were making a special study 
of electricity, were invited to this city by Mr. Frederick H. 
Churchill, who was also making a special study of the sub- 
ject. On the evening of April 24, 1880, a literary club met 



15 

at the residence of Mr. Churchill and Mr. E. H. Davison 
read a paper on '* Electricity and Its Relation to the World's 
Business," following which there was a discussion of the 
subject by Prof. Thomson and others. After the club ad- 
journed they met a party of New Britain men at the old 
Basket shop on Arch street (now Vile's carriage shop), and 
there gave the first practical demonstration of electric light- 
ing ever given in this city. Messrs. C. B. Erwin, Henry 
Stanley, William H. Hart, and other New Britain men were 
present and the result was the formation of the American 
Electric Co. of New Britain the next day. After a few years 
the company was merged into the Thomson-Houston Elec- 
tric Company of Lynn, Mass., and finally into the General 
Electric Company. Although Mr. Thomson resided in New 
Britain less than four years he has forty-two patents as a 
New Britain inventor, and stands No. 4 on our list as to the 
number of patents issued to one inventor. 

We have produced many good paying inventions of 
much more value than is generally known. As a rule a 
patent is of no value unless the article is made and sold. The 
only exception to this rule is the value it may have in keep- 
ing someone else from making the patented thing. It is a 
better policy for a manufacturer to own a patent in his line 
that he does not make under, than to have some competitor 
own that patent and manufacture under it. That such pa- 
tents are valuable is generally conceded, but it is very difficult 
to determine their value. I know of a firm who paid sixty 
thousand dollars for three patents on machines that they did 
not make and never expected to make, merely to prevent 
others from making them. In course of time a competitor 
started and was stopped by means of a suit based on one of 
these three patents. One of the directors said that it was 
worth more than the sixty thousand dollars paid for thesQ 
three patents just to get this one competitor out of the 
market so that they could continue to control the business. 



16 

An employee in one of our shops conceived of an im- 
provement on one of the articles made there and said to the 
superintendent of the company that he considered it worthy 
of a patent. He was gruffly told that he had better confine 
his attention to his regular duties and stop fooling with little 
inventions. A few years later a competitor in another town 
patented the same thing and to-day that competitor is build- 
ing up his trade through the advantages secured to him by 
this patent. There may be many of our New Britain patents 
that appear to be worthless because the patented devices 
were never made when in fact they have been very valuable 
to the owners by keeping others from making the goods. It 
is often asserted that not more than one patent in ten is 
worth the cost of the patent, but the proportion of paying 
patents is immaterial so long as it is clear that the patents as 
a whole have greatly added to the wealth and prosperity of 
New Britain. We find, however, of the first twenty patents 
which we have reviewed in detail, granted prior to 1858, 
there is positive knowledge that goods were made and sold 
under eight of them and probably under five others, so that 
13 out of the 20 may be probably classified as paying 
patents. Four of these patents were very valuable. The 
Isham patent alone must have been worth more than one 
hundred and fifty thousand dollars and thus worth more than 
enough to pay the entire cost of all the 1447 patents that 
were ever issued to New Britain inventors. Of the 113 
patents issued to Justus A. Traut, I am informed that there 
is not a single patent in the lot but what has been worth 
more than it cost. This, however, is a very exceptional case 
and reflects much credit on Mr. Traut's good judgment and 
mechanical skill as well as on his inventive ability. One 
company in town reports that 100 per cent, of all their 
patents have been paying inventions, but they have never 
owned a large number of patents. 



17 

Sometimes one patent on an article leads up to other 
patents on the same article and thus we have what is called a 
line of patents. A small line of patents for a very simple 
article, owned by one of our manufacturers, appeared to be 
so simple and trivial that I have often heard it sneeringly 
spoken of, and yet, by figures based on the number sold and 
the actual profits in excess of the profits on the article as 
before made, this line of patents has been shown to be ex- 
ceedingly valuable, and thus we find that very valuable 
patents are by some persons considered worthless. What 
could be more simple than the bed bottom, formerly made 
by the National Wire Mattress Company under the now 
expired patent of April 9, 1872, to Andrew TurnbuU and 
Rodolphus L. Webb. The bed of this patent has been said 
to be nothing more than omitting the springs from the sides 
of a former patented bed. But it produced the best mattress 
ever made, and the patent in its life time was repeatedly 
sustained by the courts. It was probably the most valuable 
patent ever owned in New Britain. During the life of the 
patent the net price at wholesale was about nine dollars per 
bed, and after the expiration of the patent it was sold at a 
profit for about three dollars, apparently making six dollars 
that the makers received on account of the patent. There 
was, however, some difference in the cost of material in 1872 
and 1889, for which difference we take one dollar per bed off 
from the profit due to the patent and call it worth five dollars 
per bed. A member of the firm who made them says that 
over three hundred thousand of these beds were sold. Count- 
ing the patent worth five dollars per bed, its value was one 
and a half million dollars. But this is only a part of the 
story, for it does not include the value of the invention to 
the public. As a rule we estimate the value of a patent by 
only what the owner can make out of it. Every patent, 
however, that is valuable to its owner is, sooner or later, 



la 

also valuable to the public. The bed made under the Turn- 
bull and Webb patent gave the public a better bed for the 
retail price of thirteen dollars, than the beds then selling in 
the market for twenty dollars, so that while the owners of 
the patent made five dollars per bed the public was saving 
seven dollars per bed on all they bought. Thus the value to 
the public, during the life of the patent, was greater than 
the value to the owners. The value to the owner ceases 
when the patent expires, but the value to the public con- 
tinues on indefinitely until something else better or cheaper 
is invented to take its place. In fact the design of the patent 
law was to benefit the public after the patent expires, instead 
of before, but in many cases, as in this bed patent, the public 
often receives during the life of the patent, in addition to 
the comfort and convenience, as much money value there- 
from as does the owner or patentee. The importance of 
patents to New Britain is shown by the fact that of all our 
hardware manufacturers, the Humason & Beckley Co., the 
New Britain Hardware Co., and the National Spring Bed 
Co. are believed to be the only parties who are not manufac- 
turing under patents. The business of the Bed Co. is, how- 
ever, largely based on a patent, as their principal manufac- 
ture is the bed of the expired Turnbull & Webb patent. 

In order to ascertain the opinions of our manufacturers, 
the following list of questions was prepared and sent to our 
ten largest Hardware manufacturers with the result stated : 

1. What percentage of the goods made by you have 
been patented ? One firm answers, a small per cent., two 
answer, 5 per cent., three answer, 10 per cent., four answer 
respectively, 20, 50, 66 and 100 per cent. 

2. Have any of your patents been very valuable ? One 
answers, "Fairly so," two answer, "Very few, indeed," and 
seven answer, "Yes." 



19 

3- Approximately what value do you place upon your 
best paying patent or line of patents ? Six firms failed to 
state any specific value and four answered respectively, 
$5,000, $85,000, $100,000 and $200,000. 

4. Have your patents as a whole been profitable ? 
Every one of the ten firms answered, *'Yes." 

5. What percentage of all the patents owned or worked 
by you do you consider to have been paying patents ? Two 
firms failed to state, two answered 25, one ssys, two 50, 
one 75, one 85 and one 100 per cent. 

6. Have your patents been generally respected ? Three 
firms answered, ''No," one answered, ''Yes, after some 
trouble," and six answered, "Yes," without any qualification. 

The average percentage of patented goods as made by 
these ten companies is about 28 per cent. Most of our 
smaller manufacturers make a larger percentage of patented 
goods. In fact, the times now tend to consolidation so 
largely that it is almost impossible for any small manufac- 
turer to successfully carry on business without being pro- 
tected by patents. Thus, as a rule, the smaller the capital 
invested, the greater will be the percentage of patented goods 
made. It is a safe estimate to say that the average per- 
centage of patented goods made by our different hardware 
manufacturers is ssVs P^^ cent. All of our manufacturers, 
with the few exceptions noted, have had valuable patents, 
many of them very valuable, as we have already shown. All 
who have owned patents have found them profitable as a 
whole, and of the eight companies that answered as to the 
percentage of paying patents we find an average of over 55 
per cent., so that we may safely say that more than half, 
instead of the proverbial "only one in ten," of the patents 
owned by our manufacturers have been paying patents. The 
percentage of paying patents taken out by inventors inde- 
pendently of our manufacturers will not run more than half 



20 

as high as the patents that are taken out for some manufac- 
turer. An idle patent is valuable to keep off competition if 
one is making similar articles and thus may be a paying 
patent to a manufacturer when it would be absolutely worth- 
less to the inventor who makes no use of it. Inventors often 
have an over estimate as to the value of their inventions and 
refuse fair offers in hopes of something better until they 
finally lose all chances to dispose of them or sell them for 
almost nothing. The value of a patent does not depend 
wholly on the merit of the invention. The way it is man- 
aged often times is of more importance than any other 
consideration. A valuable patent may be squandered by 
mismanagement as readily as a cash capital. The inventor, 
in order to be successful, must recognize these facts and be 
willing to let the manufacturer take the lion's share, not as a 
gift, but because they earn it by their capital and skillful 
management, without which there would be no profit for 
either party. 

Heretofore we have considered the value of New Britain 
patents to the public and to the manufacturers. Some may 
ask what were these same patents worth to the inventors ? 
We have not sufficient data to answer specifically. In one 
case, a very valuable patent whose value has hereinbefore 
been stated, the sum named was the actual price paid for it, 
and I may add that the amount could truthfully have been 
made larger, for it was considered not only a good paying 
investment but a source of much profit. The prices paid for 
quite a number of patents have run well up into the thou- 
sands, and in many cases New Britain inventors receive 
handsome royalties. No doubt many inventors have re- 
ceived almost nothing for patents that have paid well, while 
others have received good round prices for their patents from 
manufacturers who received nothing. Many assign patents 
to their employers for no other consideration than their 



21 

regular salary. While they may not thus receive what they 
would like, it is no doubt better for them to let their inven- 
tions go for what they can get than it would be to hold them 
back and not get anything. Especially is this the case 
where the employer pays all the bills and the inventor runs 
no risk of any kind, for he is then sure that all such patents 
will be paying patents so far as he is concerned. Many an 
inventor has made himself well off here in New Britain, in 
connection with some mechanical occupation, but none so 
far as I know has ever made a living on inventions alone. 

Our manufacturers have been fortunate in having two 
such able lawyers as the Hon. C. E. Mitchell and J. P. 
Bartlett, Esq., to look after their patent litigation. While 
we may regret their loss we have been honored by the fact 
that they resided here until well established in their pro- 
fession. We may also claim R. C. Mitchell, Esq., as a 
New Britain patent lawyer, whereby we have furnished three 
members to the New York law firni of Mitchell, Bartlett & 
Brownell. 

There has been some litigation over patents by New 
Britain parties, but, considering the extent of our manufac- 
tures, we have had rather less than the average amount of 
patent suits. There has been practically no patent litigation 
between our own manufacturers, although one suit was 
brought that never came to trial. We have sued but a few 
outside parties and in the greater part of our patent suits 
we have been the defendants. We are not in fault for this 
for such suits are often brought unjustly. We do not recall 
a New Britain patent on which more than one suit has ever 
been tried, except the TurnbuU & Webb patent of 1872, for 
a Bed Bottom. The great difference between the retail price 
of this bed and those before made gave it a very ready sale 
and the large profit made on the bed, even at this low price, 
proved a great temptation to infringe. Several parties tried 



22 

to take the substance of the invention and yet evade the 
patent, so that it was necessary to bring suit after suit. The 
defendants made some changes from the form of fabric 
shown in the patent, and no doubt some of them thought 
that they had eifectually evaded the patent, but I believe the 
suits on it were generally successful. Sometimes a party 
permits an infringement rather than be at the expense and 
trouble of a suit. It is very seldom that a patent suit costs 
less than a thousand dollars. Most of them cost several 
times that. We know of a case for which illustrative models 
of three prior patents were made for use in defense at a cost 
of three thousand dollars for the models alone. It is no 
wonder that manufacturers wish to avoid patent litigation 
when it is thus expensive. A party may suppose that he is 
having nothing to do with patents and yet be liable to be 
sued. In fact a manufacturer who does not own patents 
and, therefore, is unfamiliar with patent matters is more 
likely to stumble into infringement than is the manufacturer 
who is making patented goods. As a rule, our New Britain 
patents have been respected. It is seldom that a manufac- 
turer will knowingly infringe, although some try to take all 
the ideas they can from a patent without coming squarely 
within the claim. ,It is wonderful sometimes to see how 
much respect is given to a patent stamp on an article. Some- 
times royalties have been paid to owners of patents when the 
manufacturer knew that his goods were not fairly within the 
patent, just for the privilege of marking the articles made with 
the date of the patent. This sometimes keeps others from 
making the goods almost as well as if the goods were clearly 
within the patent. Several times parties have consulted me 
as to whether or not certain constructions would infringe 
certain patents after the patents had expired. In one case 
the patent on which my opinion was desired had been public 
property for over six years. 



23 

We often hear of inventions being stolen, but, as a rule, 
these allegations of theft are founded upon some misunder- 
standing. Inventors sometimes think others are stealing 
their ideas if they make any improvement on the same kind 
of an article as the one they have patented. As to stealing 
inventions by wrongfully patenting them, it should be re- 
membered that to suggest the making of a certain thing 
without giving instructions how to carry out the suggestion 
is not an invention, and the workman who follows the instruc- 
tions of an inventor and adds thereto the common and 
expected skill of a mechanic in producing a new thing is not 
an inventor. Not knowing this to be the law, the man who 
makes a suggestion and the mechanic often accuse the lawful 
inventor of stealing their inventions. Again the one who 
only made the suggestion or the mechanic who did the work 
sometimes wrongfully take a patent and of course they are 
accused of theft, although they may have honestly believed 
that they were rightfully the real inventor. The intentional 
theft of an invention is believed to be rarely made in New 
Britain. Some years ago I prepared a drawing and specifica- 
tion for a New Britain man. He showed these to another 
person and remarked that although he had invented the 
thing and had gone thus far toward a patent he thought he 
would drop the matter where it was. In due time a patent 
came out to that other person and upon ordering a copy of 
the same it was found that he had not only sworn falsely and 
stolen the invention, but that he had actually stolen the draw- 
ing that was prepared for the real inventor and used that 
stolen drawing in making his application for the patent. The 
real inventor delared that he had not given anyone permis- 
sion to take the drawing, nor to patent the invention, and in 
fact he could not make another person an original and first 
inventor, as the law requires, even if he had abandoned the 
invention. The original drawing, which was thus surrep- 
titiously taken from the inventor's office, had the signature 



24 

of my draftsman on it, and the person taking the drawing 
did not even take the precaution to erase the said signature 
so that it appeared iii the drawing of the patent. There was 
no pretense of any claim of right on the part of this patentee. 
It is the only clear case of stealing an invention that I have 
ever known in New Britain. 

On the whole we may well be proud of our inventors 
and the rank of our city in the inventive world. In many 
cases we have been the first to place certain kinds of goods 
on the market and of other articles that some had attempted 
to sell, we were the first to produce goods that were satisfac- 
tory to the trade. In connection with our 1447 patents prior 
to 1900, we have the names of three hundred and forty-four 
different patentees. According to the reports of the Com- 
missioner of Patents, no State has ever taken out more 
patents in proportion to the population than Connecticut 
during the last twenty years. For thirty years we have stood 
first with the exception of four years when we were second, 
having been beaten by the District of Columbia in 1876, and 
again in 1878; by Mass. in 1879, and by Kansas in t88i. No 
doubt we were in the lead for many years longer but we can- 
not speak definitely because the Commissioner's reports 
prior to 1870 have no table of the number of patents for the 
different states. 

There is no country that leads the United States in the 
matter of inventions and, as Connecticut stands first in the 
Union, so New Britain stands first of all the towns in the 
state. During the ten years preceding 1900 the average for 
the state according to the population was one patent each 
year to every 908 persons. During the same time New 
Britain had one patent each year for every 367 persons, 
almost three times as many as the general average for the 
state. This, of course, was based on the census of 1890 and 
relates to the State at large. Considered with reference to 



25 

the different manufacturing towns, we find that in the yeaf 
1899 Hartford had 156 patents, New Haven 103, Bridgeport 
90, New Britain 67, Waterbury 65, Meriden 37, Norwich 18, 
Stamford 15, Danbury and Ansonia 14 each, and Bristol 13, 
no other town having more than 12. When compared with 
the census of 1890, New Britain leads all these places in the 
following order : New Britain, Hartford, Waterbury, 
Bridgeport, Bristol, Meriden, Ansonia, New Haven, Stam- 
ford, Norwich and Danbury. Of the largest of these towns, 
according to the census of 1900, the number of patents issued 
in 1899 i^ proportion to the population of New Britain was 
one to evej'y 420, Hartford one to 511, Waterbury one to 
705, Bridgeport one to 788 and New Haven one to 1048. 
Hartford is the only town that comes anywhere near us and 
may beat us some years, but we lead in 1899, and we believe, 
as a rule, we are the banner town of the banner state in the 
banner nation and at the head of the inventive world. 

Besides the direct value that these patents have been to 
the inventors, the manufacturers, and to purchasers and 
users, there is an immense, although indirect, value to the 
community, by reason of the capital invested, the large 
number of men employed and the general increase in the 
business of the town. Our inventions alone have not made 
us what we are, but when woven in with the other elements 
of society they have produced a fabric of prosperity that 
clothes our city with wealth and fame. Our Government 
drew upon New Britain for one of the best Commissioners of 
Patents that it ever had, the Hon. Charles E. Mitchell. His 
first patent case was that of the Middletown Tool Co. 
vs. Oliver S. Judd, in relation to a snap-hook. It was tried 
in February 1867, Mr. Mitchell being of Counsel for De- 
fendant. Charles M. Keller, Esq., of New York, then one 
of the ablest and most experienced Patent Lawyers in the 
country, was one of his opponents. The patent involved 



26 

was a very narrow one and, incidentally, Mr. Mitchell 
remarked that the Government should not grant such trifling 
patents, to which Mr. Keller replied with great emphasis, "I 
tell you young man, these little patents are the wealth of 
Connecticut." Mr. Mitchell says that the remark, in con- 
nection with the emphasis with which it was made, made 
a great impression upon him and colored all his subsequent 
views as to the propriety of granting a patent for an inven- 
tion of limited scope. By a study of our patents we em- 
phasize the fact that these little patents are the wealth of 
New Britain. 



NUMBER OF NEW BRITAIN PATENTS 



BY YEARS. 



1810. 
1812. 
1829. 
1832. 
1833. 
1837. 
1844. 
1847. 
1848. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1856. 

1857. 
1858. 

1859- 

i860 

1861. 

1862. 

1863. 

1864. 

1865., 

1866. 

1867. 

1868. 

1869., 

1870.. 

1871., 



1872 33 

1873 42 

1874 27 

1875 22 

1^76 36 

1877- 42 

1878 19 

1879 28 

1880 34 

3 1881 37 

2 1882 34 

2 1883 39 

2 1884 47 

2 1885 35 

14 1886 42 

4 1887 32 

10 1888 35 

7 1889 51 

16 1890 60 

4 1891 45 

7 1892 64 

10 1893 62 

27 1894 49 

29 1895 34 

39 1896 45 

34 1897. 48 

29 1898 46 

23 1899 67 



' Total — 1447. 



NUMBER OF NEW BRITAIN PATENTS 

BY DECADES. 



1790 to 1800 o 

1800 to 1810 o 

181O to 1820 2 

1820 to 1830 I 

1830 to 1840 3 

1840 to 1850 3 

1850 to i860 29 

i860 to 1870 202 

1870 to 1880 301 

1880 to 1890 386 

1890 to 1900 520 

Total 1,447 



NEW BRITAIN PATENTS 

ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY PATENTEES. 



Abbe, Edwin W. 



397,680 


Feb. 


12, 


1889 


Sash-cord fastener. 


411,486 


Sep, 


24, 




Sash-cord fastener. 


4231978 


Mar. 


25. 


1890 


Bottle stopper. 






Adams, 


George E- 


489,596 


Jan. 


10, 


1893 


Cast-off for suspender ends. 


491,630 


Feb. 


14. 




Cast-off buckle. 


492,131 


'' 


21, 




Suspender end cast-off. 


496,630 


May 


2, 




Garment supporter. 


498.754 


June 


6, 




Pulley for garment supporters. 


499.773 


(( 


20, 




Garment supporter. 


507.704 


Oct. 


3I1 




Buckle or metallic garment supporter. 


507.705 


u 


n 




Buckle or metallic fastener. 


507,871 


" 


(C 




Garment supporter. 


508,076 


Nov. 


7, 




Garment supporter. 


520,025 


May 


22, 


1894 


Clinch-back for suspender buckles. 


521,071 


June 


5, 




Suspenders. 


521,775 


i( 


26, 




Garment supporter. 


528,624 


Nov. 


6, 




Cast-off for suspenders. 


528,625 


" 


" 




Sheet-metal suspender buckle. 


530,318 


Dec. 


4. 




Cast-off for suspender ends. 


537.955 


Apr, 


23. 


1895 


Clasp. 


537,956 


" 


(( 




Garment supporter. 



30 



542,215 


July 


2, 


1895 


Garment fastener. 


543,715 


July 


30, 




Clasp for garment supporters. 


544,944 


Aug. 


20, 




Garment supporter. 


55i»8o7 


Dec. 


24, 




Cast-off. 


558,580 


Apr. 


21, 


1896 


Fastener for gloves. 


560,670 


May 


26, 




Clasp. 


563,540 


July 


7, 




Cast-off for garment supporters. 


566,731 


Sep. 


I, 




Fastener for gloves. 


585,071 


June 


22, 


1897 


Cast off for suspenders. 


613,874 


Nov. 


8, 


1898 


Separable fastener. 


615,056 


u 


29, 




Envelope fastener. 


615,336 


Dec. 


6, 




Separable fastener. 


615,776 


11 


13, 




Socket member for separable fasteners. 


616,399 


(( 


20, 




Stud member for separable fasteners. 


616,758 


(I 


27, 




Stud member for separable fasteners. 


617,269 


Jan. 


3, 


1899 


Stud member for separable fasteners. 


617,624 


u 


10, 




Separable fastener. 


618,761 


ii 


31, 




Suspender buckle; 


619,651 


Feb. 


14, 




Tool for setting members for separable 
fasteners. 


624,896 


May 


16, 


1899 


Separable fastener. 


627,961 


July, 


4' 




Stud member for separable fasteners. 


628,618 


i( 


II, 




Stud member for separable fasteners. 


647,212 


April 


10, 


1900 


Garment supporter. 


22,336 


>( 


ii> 


1893 


Design for a buckle. 


22,337 


" 


Cl 




Design for a buckle. 


22,868 


Nov. 


7, 




Design for a buckle. 


28,346 


March 8, 


1898 


Design for a socket member for detach- 










able fasteners. 


28,879 


June 


14. 




Design for a trimming for garment sup 
supporters. 


28,917 


June 


28, 




Design for a stud member for detachable 



fasteners. 

31,912 Nov, 28, T899 Design for a garment supporter loop. 

31,994 Dec. 19, Design for a garment supporter loop. 

32,207 Feb. 6, 1900 Design for body portion of garment sup- 

porter loops. 

33,065 Aug. 14, Design for suspender-end body. 



31 

33»635 Dec. 4, 1900 Design for metallic member for garment 

supporters. 
33,636 Dec. 4, Design for metallic loop for garment 

supporters. 
Adt, John. 
162,991 May II, 1875 Machine for pointing staples. 

Allen, Howard D. 

479'582 July 26, 1892 Sheet metal latch bolt. 

Alpress, Edward A. 

250,329 Dec. 6, 1881 Machine for making hooks. 

270,362 Jan. 9, 1883 Machine for bending screw hooks and eyes. 

270,570 " 16, Making screw eyes. 

376,843 " 24, 1888 Taper attachment for lathes. 

386,177 " 17, Universal attachment for engine lathes. 

Alport, William. 

85,352 Dec. 29, 1868 Door bell. 

86,119 Jan. 26, 1869 Cattle tie. 

101,699 April 12, 1870 Door bell. 

4,214 July '' Design for a door bell. 

Andrews, Edward N. 

216,301 June 10, 1879 Blacking brush. 

505,342 Sep. 19, 1893 Water wheel. 

Andrews, Elijah A. 

7,981 March 18, 1851 Trunk handle. 

55,219 June 5, 1866 Snap hook. 

Arens, August, 

286,250 Oct. 9, 1883 Reversible store door latch. 

416,248 Dec. 3, 1889 Latch and lock case. 

471,595 March 29, 1892 Lock, 

471^594 " '' Lock. 

47i>595 '' " Lock. 

475,914 May 31, Lock. 



621,013 March 14, 1899 
645,930 " 27, 1900 
660,240 Oct. 23, 



S2 

Bell striker. 

Bell. 

Door check. 



Arens, August, & Frank W. Mix. 

333'656 Jan. 5, 1886 Cupboard latch. 

Arnold, Fred H. 

22,563 June 27, 1893 Design for cutlery handles. 

Arnold, Harry B. 

31,280 July 25, 1899 Design ior a lantern bracket. 







Arnold, 


Owen P. 




31.583 


Oct. 


3, 


1899 


Design for a clock case. 








Arnold, 


Stephen D. 




56,872 


Aug. 


7, 


1866 


Bridle bit. 




105,409 


July. 


19, 


1870 


Shutter fastening. 




116,006 


June 


20, 


I87I 


Sash fastener. 




138,360 


Apri 


29, 


1873 


Door bolt. 




139.647 


June 


10, 




Door flush bolt. 




161,652 


April 


6, 


1875 


Sash fastener. 




635,368 


Oct 


24. 


1899 


Hinge. 




("48,016 


April 


24. 


1900 


Hinge. 




1,517 


Jan. 


21, 


1862 


Design for a lift or handle. 




1,624 


Aug. 


12, 




Design for a lifting handle plate 
coffins. 


for 


2,079 


June 


6, 


1865 


Design for a coffin handle. 




2,380 


Aug. 


14, 


1866 


Design for a coffin handle. 




2,381 




" 




Design for coffin trimmings. 




2,382 




(( 




Design for coffin trimmings. 




2,383 




IC 




Design for coffin trimmings. 




2.384 




l< 




Design for coffin trimmings. 




2,385 




u 




Design for coffin trimmings. 




2,386 




" 




Design for coffin trimmings. 





33 

2,721 Aug. 6, 1867 Design for a casket handle. 

3,049 May 26, 1868 Design for a cupboard latch. 

Arnold, Wilbur F. 

78,175 May 26, 1868 Snap hook lock. 

85,264 Dec. 29, Lifting jack. 

134.625 Jan. 7, 1873 Lifting jack. 

Arnold, Wilbur F. & Ogden L. Steele. 

89,191 April 20, i860 Door bolt, etc. 

Ashley, Edwin D. & George Ashley, 

527,921 Oct. 23, 1894 Meat cutter. 

Ashley, George. 

605,836 June 21, 1898 Combined door closer and check. 

663,844 Dec. 18, 1900 Door check and closer. 

Ashley, George & Edwin D. Ashley. 

527,921 Oct. 23, 1894 ISIeat cutter. 

Astley, Edwin. 

149,630 April 14, 1874 Wash bench. 

Aston, Alonzo. 

88,261 March 30, 1869 Reversible knob latch. 

Atwood, C. H. 

70,499 Nov. 5, 1867 Snap hook, 

Babcock, Edward C. 

392.397 Nov. 6, 1888 Garment supporter. 

402.885 May 7, 1889 Display rack.. 

Bailey, Frank M. 

350,613 Oct. 12, 1886 Bench plane. 

401,532 April 16, 1889 Bench plane. 

402.886 May 7, Bench plane. 



34 

Bailey, Leonard. 

113,003 March 28, 1871 Plane stock. 

114,634 May 9, Adjustable try-square. 

145,715 Dec. 23, 1873 Try-square. 

1571566 " 8, 1874 Hardening the blades of squares. 

170,930 Dec. 14, 1875 Safety rein-hold. 

Bailey, Leonard, & Charles G. Miller. 

165,356 July 6, 1876 Dado plane. 

Bailey, Leonard, & Samuel D. Sargent. 

124,779 March 19, 1872 Carpenter's bevel. 

Baker, Burton E. 

426,605 Sep. 25, 1894 Rheostat. 

572,467 Dec. I, 1896 Electric heater. 

Baker, George M. 

316,219 April 21, 1885 Sash fastening. 

Barclay, Andrew. 

62,993 March 19, 1867 Injector for steam generators. 

Barkentin, George S. 

11,794 June I, 1880 Design for a key-bow. 

11,963 Sep. 14, Design for a knob-rose. 

12.050 Dec. 7, Design for a key-bow. 

12.051 " " Design for a key-bow. 
12,059 " " Design for a key bow. 
12,077 " 28, Design for a key-bow. 

12,855 April II, 1882 Design for ornamental panels on articles 

of builder's hardware. 

13,568 Feb. 6, 1883 Design for ornamental panels on articles 

of builder's hardware. 

15,124 July 8, 1884 Design for ornamentation of trunk locks. 

16,947 Oct. 26, i8b6 Design for a bracket. 

17,255 April 12, 1887 Design for a hinge. 



35 

17.338 May 10, 1887 Design tor a knob and latch escutcheon 

plate. 

17.339 " " Design for a door knob. 

18,584 Sep, 4, 1888 Design for the surface ornamentation of 

builder's hardware. 
19,077 May. 7, 1889 Design for the ornamentation of builder's 

hardware. 

19.442 Nov. 26, Design for a latch case. 

19.443 " " Design for a latch case. 

19.444 " '^ Design for a hinge. 

19,545 Dec. 31. Design for the ornamentation of builder's 

hardware. 
'9»553 J^"- 7i 1890 Design for a latch case. 

20.035 July i5i Design for an escutcheon plate for door 

knobs and locks. 

20.036 '' " Design for a hinge. 
20,082 Aug. 12, 1890 • Design for a hinge. 

Bassett, Milton H. 

292,463 Jan. 29, 1884 Gage for adjusting locks. 

401,535 April i6, 1889 Door check. 

Bastian, John H. 

23i474 July 17, 1894. Design for a hold back. 

Beam, Alfred, & Edward H. Davison. 

177,060 May 9, 1876 Cartridge loading implement. 

Beam, Alfred, & William H. Thornton. 

202,606 April 16, 1878 Rubber butt-plate for guns. 

Beaton, Allan J. 

453,461 June 2, 1891 Floor and ceiling plate for steam pipes. 

497,512 May 16, 1893 Pipe hanger. 

528,319 Oct. 30, 1894 Pipe hanger. 

Beers, John W. A. 

2331I3S Oct. 12, 1880 Die for making sheet metal hinge blanks. 



36 

Beetison, Israel. 
59,948 Nov. 27, 1866 Expanding mandrel. 

Bennett, Thomas E. 
613,231 Nov. I, 1898. Toilet fixture. 

Bennett Walter E. 

260,153 June 27, 1882 Feeding mechanism for button sewing 

machines. 

Bjdwell, Henry L. 

March 8, 1833 Cooking stove or digestive furnace. 

Bishop, Charles B. 

636,947 Nov. 14, 1899 Coin box, 

Blair, Charles A. 

121,926 Dec. 19, 1871 Fruit box. 

126,440 May 7, 1872 Fruit box. 

Blake, Henry D. 

49,468 Aug. 15, 1865 Padlock. 

52,241 Jan. 23, 1866 Molasses faucet. 

75,663 March 17, 1868 Hinge riveting machine. 

75,724 *' 24, Butt-hinge making machine. 

125,530 April 9, 1872 Door bell. 

Blakeslee, Charles. 

176,768 May 2, 1876 Hoof cleaner. 

Boardman, Ralph H. 

647,071 April 10, 1900 Electric indicator for doors. 

Bodmer, Christian, & Justus A. Traut. 

515,063 Feb. 20, 1894 Plane. 

540,283 June 4, 1895 Plane. 



37 

562.678 June 23, 1896 Machine for graduating glasses or tubes. 

562.679 '' 23, . " Marking level glasses. 

Booth, Samuel 

June I, 1832 Brazing and bronzing bells for cows, etc. 

Bower, William. 

553^833 Feb. 4, 1896 Napkin holder. 

Bradford, Purmot, & Joseph B. Sargent. 

1,345 Nov. 13, i860 Design for a drawer-pull. 



593.639 



78,180 

96,545 
193.217 
196,624 

338'9i9 
338'920 

339»37i 

359.916 

387.044 
390,440 
398,489 
413,220 
421,480 
437>883 
442,415 
453,036 

463.773 
476,604 

497.515 
544,781 
555.922 



Bradley, William S. 

" 16, 1897 Ledger-board support for scaffolds. 

Brady, Thomas H. 

May 26, 1868 Lantern. 

Nov. 9, 1869 Faucet connection. 

July 17, 1877 Shears for tinsmiths. 

Oct. 30, Bottle stopper. 

March 30, 1886 Suspending electric lights. 

" " Apparatus for suspending electric lights. 

April 6, Cap iron for poles for suspending electric 

lights, 

March 22, 1887 Electric lamp frame. 

July 31, 1888 Storm protector for electric lamps. 

Oct. 2, 1888 Storm protector for electric lamps. 

26, 1889 Support for electric railway wires. 

22, Holding attachment for arc lamps. 

18, Windlass. 

7, Pulley attachment for electric lamps. 

9, Pulley attachment for electric lamps. 

May 26, 1891 Adjustable support for electric wires. 

Nov. 24, 1891 Means for suspending electric lamps. 

June 7, 1892 Insulator bracket. 

May 16, 1893 Insulator. 

Aug. 20, 1895 Electric switch. 

March 10, 1896 Insulating support for boxes containing 
electrical apparatus. 



Feb. 
Oct 
Feb. 
Oct. 
Dec. 



38 

560,255 May 19, 1896 Hanger for electric arc lamps. 

580,678 April 13, 1897 Electric switch. 

583,452 June I, Electric switch. 

Brand, Frederick J. 

353,730 Dec. 7, 1S86 Shifting carrage top. 

384,557 June 12, 1888 Bustle. 

Brand, John S. 

373,122 Nov. 15, 1887 Octave-coupler. 

Breed, Edwin S. 

557,049 March 24, 1896 Means for supporting motors and motor 

frames. 

Brockseiper, Frederick M. 

45,581 Dec. 27, 1864 Flat iron holder. 

Brockseiper, Frederick W. & 

Jeseph B. Sargent. 

20,238 May 11, 1858 Sash fastener. 

Brooks, Asa T. 

55,052 May 29, 1866. Reversible lock or latch. 

72,791 Dec. 31, 1867 Door bell. 

77,165 April 28, 1868 Keyhole guard. 

79,308 June 30, Door bell. 

92.151 July 6, 1869 Knob latch. 

92.152 " " Knob latch. 

92.153 " •' Knob latch. 

Brooks, Asa T., & Wallace T. Munger. 

211,832 Feb. 4, 1879 Lock. 

Brouillard, Anthony J. 

475,960 May 31, 1892 Gong door bell. 



39 



Brown. George S. 



578,859 
580,569 



481,780 
621,026 
632,694 
642,073 



March 16, 1897 
April 13, 



Lantern. 
Lantern. 



Brown, Robert S. 

Aug. 30, 1892 Universal coupling. 



Mardi 14, 
Sep. 12, 
Jan. 30, 



1900 



Chain mortising machine. 
Saw clamp. 
Mortising machine. 



Brown, William A., & Henry G. Parsons. 

428,130 May 20, 1890 Belt fastener. 

Bulkley, Henry C., & Amos Shepard. 

89,023 April 20, 1869, . Pump valve. 

Burgess, Charles M. 



221,152 


Nov. 


4, 


1879 


Spring coal tongs. 


249,156 


" 


8, 


1881 


Fire iron holder. 


311,160 


Jan. 


20, 


1885 


Fire shovel. 


311.953 


Feb. 


10, 




Handle for drawers. 


338,337 


March 23, 


1886 


Sash fastening device. 


346,463 


Aug. 


3, 




Drawer-pull. 


396,915 


Jan. 


29, 


1889 


Lock case. 


396,916 


11 


29, 




Latch case. 


399,239 


March 12, 




Sheet metal lock case. 


399,240 


C( 


K 




Lock case. 


401,247 


April 


9. 




Manufacture of key-blanki 


404,892 


June 


II, 




Latch case. 


408,688 


Aug. 


13. 




Lock case. 


412,365 


Oct. 


8, 




Sheet metal lock case. 


421,381 


Feb. 


18, 


1890 


Sheet metal latch keeper. 


421,905 


IV 


25. 




Sheet metal latch case. 


425,748 


April 


15. 




Lock case. 


435.554 


Sep. 


2, 




Lock or latch bolt. 


435.555 


" 


i( 




Reversible latch. 


438,677 


Oct. 


21, 




Lock. 


444-557 


Jan. 


13. 


1891 


Knob shank. 


465.158 


Dec. 


15. 




Sash fastener. 



40 

472,725 April 12, 1892 Knob attachment. 

487,712 Dec. 13, Sash cord guide. 

502,612 Aug. I, 1893 Doorbell. 

503,450 " 15, Knob attachment. 

507,992 Nov 7, Door bell. 

512,275 Jan. 9, 1894 Transom lifter. 

576,431 Feb. 2, 1897 Door check. 

612,397 Oct. 18, 1898 Lock case. 

632,234 Sep. 5, 1899 Coat and hat hook. 

23,731 Oct. 23, 1894 Design for a shelf bracket. 

30.691 May 2, 1899 Design for a door check frame. 

30.692 " " Design for a door check frame. 

Burgess, Charles M., & Sherman 

P. Cooley. 

391,024 Oct., 16, 1888 Manufacture of knob shanks. 

Burgess, Charles M., & R. Sanford, 

Newington, Conn. 

2345387 Nov. 16, 1880 Sash fastening. 

Burgess, Charles M. & Henry G. Voight. 

450,353 April 14, 1891 Stop for latches. 

Burkarth, Michael J. 

218,365 Aug. 12, 1879 Bracket. 

Burns, Edward, 

621,896 March 28, 1899 Door bolt. 

Burton, James L. 

615,800 Dec. 13, 1898 Bottle. 

617,952 Jan. 17, 1899 Medicine glass. 

Burwell, Lynus. 

Nov. 25, 1829 Door spring. 



41 

Butler, Edwin B. 

56,897 Aug. 7, 1866 Eyelet making machine. 

72,719 Dec. 31, 1867 Hub band. 

Butler, John W. 

i34»729 Jan. 14, 1873 Gage. 

222.009 Nov. 25, 1879 Call bell. 
247,610 Sep. 27, 1881 Call bell. 

Camp, Bushrod H. 

409,559 Aug. 20, 1889 Frame for doors of post office lock boxes. 

Campbell, Wareham S. 

382,950 May 15, 1888 Governor for wind wheel shafts. 

Canfield, John F. 

595,604 Dec. 14, 1897 Support for scaffold ledger-boards. 

Carleton, George D. 

174,475 March 7.1876 Attaching pump-barrels to their bases. 

174,476 " '' Spring hinge. 

Carleton, John W. 

112,417 March 7, 1871 Butt hinge. 

302,649 July 29, 1884 Reversible jaw for lathe chucks. 

627,480 June 27, 1889 Drill chuck. 

Carter, Josiah S. 

498,233 May 30, 1893 Drive chain link. 

« 

Case, Cromwell O. 

407,817 July 30, 1889 Making parts of hollow door knobs. 

409.010 Aug. 13, Door knob. 

414,972 Nov. 12, Making sash cord pulleys. 

421.668 Feb. 18, 1890 Making pulleys. 

421.669 " ■' Wrought metal pulley. 

421.670 " " Door knob. 



42 

475i93o Maj 31, 1892 Pneumatic door check. 

487,416 Dec. 6, Knob attachment. 

523.146 Oct 30, 1S94 Door stop. 

523.147 '■'■ '' Door knob. 
528,853 Nov. 6, Door check or closer. 
533^839 Feb. 5, 1895 Knob attachment. 
592,236 Oct. 26, 1897 Door I heck and closer. 
598,194 Feb. I, 18 8 Extension bolt. 

599,415 '' 22, Lever connections for door checks and 

closers. 

606,643 ]^^y 5' Transom center. 

627,717 June 27, 1899 Door check. 

629,001 July 18, Liquid door check. 

632,697 Sep. 12, Liquid door check. 

29,042 July " 1898 Design for a casing for door checks. 

Case William, S. 

258,988 June 6, 1882 Bench plane. 

Casey, Michael. 

199,515 Jan. 22, 1878 Window frame. 

Chambers, James. 

292,202 Jan. Ji, 1S84 Sash fastening. 

Chambers, Moses. 

423,217 March 11, 1890 Sash fastener. 

Chapin, Samuel N. 

94,280 Aug. 31, 1869 Ferrule. 

95,426 Oct. 5, Sash cord attachment. 

.332,325 Dec. 15, 1885 Sash fastenei . 

584,035 June 8, 1897 Automatic weighing machine. 

Chapin, Samuel N., & Augustus Stanley., 

68,603 Sep. 10, 1867 Adjusting spirit-level. 



43 
Chapman, William, & Edward H. Davison. 

179,403 July 4, 1876 Putting unfinished work on knitting 

machines. 

Chase, George, M., Jr. 

246,459 Aug. 30, 1881 Wagon wheel. 

Christesen, Rodolphe, W. E. 

Design for door escutcheons. 

Design for a hinge. 

Design for a chandelier hook. 

Design for a chandelier hook. 

Design for a stand for fire irons, etc. 

Design for push or finger plates for doors. 

Design for a drop-letter plate and bell 

lever. 
Design for a bell lever and plate. 

Design for a drop letter plate. 

Design for a door knob 

Design for a fire iron stand. 

Design for a lamp bracket. 

Design for a hinge. 

Design for ornamentation of builder's 
hardware 

Design for a lock case. 

Design for a lock case. 

Design for a door lock case. 

Design for a latch case. 

Design for a lock case. 

Design for a knob and lock escutcheon. 

Design for a door knob. 

Design for a gong for bells. 

Design tor a gong for bells. 

Clark, Charles B. 

396,192 Jan. 15, 1889 Composition for cleaning the teeth. 

Clark, H. M, 

14,086 Jan. 15, 1856 Bolt heading machine. 

18,135 Sep. 8, 1857 Wrench. 



11,620 


Feb. 


3^ 


1880 


11,758 


Mav 


4. 




11,808 


June 


8, 




1 1 ,809 


June 


8, 




12,041 


Nov. 


30, 




12,376 


Aug 


2. 


1881 


12,377 


11 


"■ 


1892 


12,378 


- 


4( 




12,379 


'■'■ 


" 




12,550 


Nov. 


I, 


1881 


13,101 


Aug. 


I, 


1882 


14,838 


March 4, 


1884 


16,906 


Sep. 


21, 


1886 


i7>344 


May 


171 


18S7 


191I-9 


June 


4. 


1889 


19,188 


Jvilj 


2, 




i9'323 


Oct. 


I, 




191639 


Feb. 


II, 


1S9O 


20,099 


Aug. 


12, 




21,706 


July 


12, 


1892 


21,769 


Aug. 


9. 




30.429 


March 28 


,1899 


30.430 


11 


" 





44 

Clark, Henry M. 

195.480 " 25, 1897 Circular plane. 

195.481 " " Bench plane. 
378,494 Feb. 28, 1888 Bench plane. 

Clement, Nathan S. 

62,938 March 19, 1867 Awl handle. 

82,601 Sep. 29, 1868 Fruit basket. 

88,544 April 6, 1869 Casting handles of table cutlery. 

Coholan, Michael J. 

318,452 May 26, 1885 Ventilated sewer pipe. 

Comings, William R. 

191,516 June 5, 1877 Telescopic or hydraulic elevator. 

192,637 July 3, Applying power in steam, air or gas 

engines. 
448,748 March 24, 1891 Machine for making cup-shaped articles. 

Conklin, Thomas A. 

71,986 Dec. 10, 1867 Manufacturing tack hammers. 

128,020 June 18, 1872 Ice pick and meat maul combined. 

Cooke, William Z. 

131,743 Oct I, 1872 Spring bed ! ottom. 

Copkson, Charles W. & Job Dyson. 

310,803 Jan. 13, 1885 Carding machine for the manufacture of 

mottled rovings. 

Cooley, Charles A. 

258,022 May 16, 1S82 Commutator for dynamo electric mach- 

ines. 
267,155 Nov. 2, Electric arc lamp. 

Cooley, Sherman P. 

439.120 Oct. 28, 1890 Attaching knobs to their shanks-. 

535,050 March 5, 1895 Knob. 



45 

Cooley, Sherman P. & Charles M. 

Burgess. 

391,024 Oct. 16, 1888 Manufacture of knob shanks. 

Corbin, Hezikiah H. 

93,809 Aug. 17, 1869 Paper box. 

Corbin, Frank. 



138,862 


May 


13. 


1873 


Handle plate for door latches. 


166,605 


March 30, 


1875 


Lock for sliding doors. 






Corbin, 


Wilbur R. & William K. He 


641,844 


Jan. 


23, 


1900 


Door. 


650,036 


Maj 


22, 




, Hinge for double acting doors. 






Corscaden, Thos. 


366,996 


July 


19, 


1887 


Shutter fastener. 


451.969 


May 


12, 


1891 


Lock hinge. 


452,834 


11 


26, 




Caster. 


460,678 


Oct. 


6, 




Lock hinge. 


462,238 


Nov. 


3. 




Manufacture of hinges. 


467,659 


Jan. 


26, 


1892 


Manufacture of drive chain links 


467,668 


'' 


'^ 




Sash cord guide. 


472,635 


April 


12, 




Blind fastener. 


474.546 


May 


10, 




Sheet metal pulley. 


474.547 


11 


'' 




Sheet metal pulley. 


475,439 


K 


24. 




Anti-friction hinge. 


476,520 


June 


7. 




Shelf bracket. 


476,521 


11 


" 




Manufacture of hinges. 


479,058 


July 


19. 




Hat hook 


482,723 


Sep. 


20, 




Drive chain. 


483.834 


Oct. 


4, 




Shelf bracket. 


493,484 


Marc 


hi4, 


1893 


Shelf bracket. 


502,706 


Aug. 


8, 




Hinge. 


511.590 


Dec. 


26, 




Shelf bracket. 


512,685 


Jan. 


16, 


1894 


Shelf bracket. 


515,194 


Feb. 


20, 




Shelf bracket. 


516,475 


March 13, 




Shelf bracket. 



46 



518,307 


April 


17, 


1894 


Drive chain. 


518,308 


'I 


I' 




Hinge. 


519243 


May 


I, 




Manufacturing of strap hinges. 


548,296 


Nov. 


19. 


1895 


Shelf bracket. 


553.497 


Jan. 


21, 


1896 


Shelf bracket. 


553.955 


Feb. 


4. 




Blind hinge. 


555^722 


March 3, 




Shelf bracket. 


557,492 


i« 


31, 




Shelf bracket. 


563.450 


July 


7. 




Anti-friction hinge. 


574. I07 


Jan. 


12, 


1897 


Sheet metal pulley. 


575, io6 


" 


" 




Pulley. 


sii^m 


Feb. 


23. 




Shelf bracket. 


S11^911 


March 2, 




Sheet metal shelf bracket. 


581,979 


May 


4, 




Shelf bracket. 


581,980 


(I 


a 




Sheet metal shelf bracket. 


584,813 


June 


22, 




Shutter hinge. 


585.431 


'• 


29. 




Shelf bracket. 


595.659 


Dec. 


14, 




Pulley. 


598,215 


Feb. 


I, 


1898 


Lock hinge. 


646,414 


April 


3. 


1900 


Pulley. 


24.517 


July 


30, 


1895 


Design for a brace for shelf brackets 


24,909 


Nov. 


19, 




Design for a shelf bracket. 


25.785 


July 


14, 


1896 


Design for a shelf bracket. 


27,248 


June 


22, 


1897 


Design for a hub clamp for pulleys. 


27.758 


Oct. 


19, 




Design for a frame for pulleys. 


29'543 


1,1 


25. 


1898 


Design for a pulley. 


30,596 


April 


18, 


1899 


Design for a pulley segment. 



Corscaden, Thomas, & Charles E. Hart. 

425,131 April 8, 1890 Gage for press slides. 



Corscaden, Thomas, & William H. Hart. 



377,104 Jan. 31, 1S88 
18,956 March 12, 1889 



Sheet metal hinge. 
Design for a hinge. 



Cowles, George B. 



237.491 Feb. 8, i< 

237.492 '^ 
239.937 April 12, 



Piano lock. 
Chest lock. 
Trunk lock. 



47 

283,081 Aug. 14, 1883 Machine for putting springs in lock bolts. 

283,326 '• " Machine for securing the key post in 

lock plates. 
286,269 Oct. 9, Machine for slotting and driving springs 

into lock tumblers. 
303,988 Aug 26, 1884 Lock. 

309,205 Dec. 16, Securing cabinet locks in place. 

323,564 Aug. 4, 1885 Mortise lock. 

324,818 " 25, Lock. 

368,133 " 9, 1887 Machine for making lock caps. 

371.823 Oct. 18, Key. 

371.824 " " Making keys and key-blanks. 
505,440 Sep. 26, 1893 Manufacture of key-blanks. 

Cowles, George B., & Frank W. Mix. 

331,427 Dec. I, 1885 -Trunk lock. 

Crandall, Herman E. 

442,265 Dec 9, 1890 Store service apparatus. 

Crane, W. E., & W. L. Rogers, 

(North Cornwall.) 

73,200 Jan. 7. t868 Railway Switch. 

Curtis, Jonas, P. 

71,586 Dec. 3, 1867 Device for grinding cutlery. 

81,608 Sep. I. 1868 Machine for grinding metal articles. 

115,582 June 6, 18 I Screw driver. 

176,462 April 25, 1876 Awl haft. 

Davison, Edward H. and Alfred Beam. 

177,060 May 9, 1876 Cartridge loading implement. 

Davison, Edward H., & William Chapman. 

179,403 July 4, 1S76 Putting unfinished work on knitting 

machines. 



48 

Day, Arthur W. 

500,865 July 4, 1893 Bed bottom, 

Delavan, Marcus L., & Job Dyson. 

67,030 July 23, 1867 Door bell. 

Dennett, Alpheus A. 

191,844 June 12, 1877 Door bolt. 

Dennett, Alpheus A., & George 

H. Holmes. 

230,533 July 27, 1880 Mechanism for operating the thread 

guides of straight knitting machines. 

Dickinson, Charles. 

563,949 July 14, 1896 Powder folding device. 

571,041 Nov. 10, Holder for powder papers. 

Doen, Edward, 

20,338 May, 25, 1858 Window spring. 

20,940 July 20, Spring bolt. 

43' 105 June 14, 1864 Cupboard latch. 

63,621 April 9, 1867 Curtain fixture. 

Doolittle, D. Edward, & William E. 

280,298 June 26, 1883 Machine for putting nuts on bolts. 

297,118 April 22, 1884 Shutter fastener. 

420 045 Jan. 28, 1890 Machine for turning ribbed collars for 

umbrellas. 

Dunham, Ralph C. 

58,619 Oct. 9, 1866 Buckle and ring. 

336,904 March 2, 1886 Artificial leg. 

Dyson, John B., & Samuel K. Paramore. 

249.3:4 Nov, 8, 1881 Shaft coupling. 



49 



Dyson, Job. 



81,263 Aug. 18, 1868 Drawers stretching frame. 

83,141 Oct. 20, Cloth Drawers. 

Dyson, Job, & Charles W. Cookson. 

310,803 Jan. 13, 1885 Carding machine for the manufacture of 
mottled rovings. 

Dyson, Job, & Marcus L. Delavan. 

67,030 July 23, 1867 Door bell. 

Eddy, Alfonzo J. 

77,014 April 21, 1868 Meat cutter. 

347,477 Aug. 17, 1886 Meat cutter. 

Eddy, George W. 

146,997 Feb. 3, 1874 Sewing machine caster. 

147,377 " 10, Sewing machine caster. 

170,439 Nov. 30, 1875 Toy pistol. 

202,798 April 23, 1878 Burglar alarm. 

237,260 Feb. I, 1881 Toy pistol. 

247,029 Sep. I ^, Toy pistol. 

11,394 Sep. 2, 1879 Design for a Toy fulminate exploder. 

Ellis, Sylvender. 
30,570 Nov. 6, £860 Washing machine. 

Elmer, Albert E. 

162,944 May .4, 1875 Automatic fly-fan. 

Erickson, Carle A. 

466,058 Dec. 29, 1891 Electric game register for pool tables. 

Erwin, Cornelius B. 

1,035 Aug. 10, 1858 Design for a door lock plate. 

i>o34 '' '' Design for a door lock plate. 



50 

Fagan, Bernard. 

31,706 March 19, 1861 Quilting frame, etc. 

Fagan, Robert, 

409,030 Aug. 13, 1889, Sash cord fastener. 

Fielding, William I. 

323,572 Aug. 4, 1885 Bolster bed bottom. 

544,783 " 20, 1895 Steamer bedstead. 

Finch, Amon L. 

8,886 April 20, 1852 Protecting car wheels and axles by incas- 

ing. 

Fogelstrand, Otto F. 

194,139 Aug. 14, 1877 Cupboard latch. ^ 

197,026 Nov. 13, Sash fastener. 

212,676 Feb. 25, 1879 Doorbell. 

9.843 March 6, 1877 Design for an inkstand and match safe. 

9.844 " " Design for an inkstand and match box. 

9.845 " " Design for an inkstand. 
10,316 Nov. 20, Design for a match safe. 
10,397 Jan. 8, 1878 Design for inkstands. 

Fogelstrand, Otto F., & William 

E. Sparks. 

206,940 Aug. 13, 1878 Sash fastener., 

Forrest, Ernest J. 

472,805 April 12, 1892 Knob. 

Foss, Henry A. 

127,333 May 28, 1872 Bell gong. 

186,998 Feb. 6, 1877 Bench plane. 

Foster, John R. 

428,771 May 27, 1890 Reversible latch. 



51 
Fracker, Francis T. 

117,113 Maj 9, 1876 Toilet bracket. 

Fracker, Francis T., & Louis Widmayer. 

9,882 April 3, 1877 Design for a hinge. 

Frank, Frederick H. 

545'856 Sep, 3, 1895 Right and left hand stop and waste cock. 

Frary, James D. 



43.677 


Aug, 


2, 


1864 


Toy gun. 


46,555 


Feb. 


28, 


1865 


Faucet for oil, etc. 


58,241 


Sep. 


25i 


1866 


Manufacture of knives and forks. 


77,026 


April 


21, 


1868 


Manufacture of table forks. 


86,524 


Feb. 


2, 


1869 


Butt. 


97.624 


Dec. 


7, 




• Knife handle. 


98,369 


" 


28, 




Cutlery handle. 


113,648 


April 


4, 


1871 


Manufacturing bolsters for cutlery. 


172,874 


Feb. 


I, 


1876 


Table cutlery. 


181,665 


Aug. 


29, 




Carving fork. 


183,151 


Oct. 


10, 




Table cutlery. 


6,757 


July 


8, 


1873 


Design for table cutlery. 


7,002 


Nov. 


25, 




Design for a knife handle. 


7,078 


Dec. 


30, 




Design for table cutlery handles. 


8,817 


Nov. 


30, 


1875 


Design for table cutlery. 



Friden, Henning A., & Andrew Swanson. 
590,494 Sep. 21, 1897 Plow. 

Frink, Stephen, & Alvin & Oliver B. North. 

7,398 May 28, 1850 Machinery for making four sided buckles. 



Frost, Francis N, 

34,998 April 15, 1862 Coal sifter. 

56,923 Aug. 7, i866 Bridle bit. 



52 

59^992 Nov. 27, 1866 Currv comb. 

155,866 Oct. 13, 1874 ^^d bottom frame. 

201,662 March 26, 1878 Bottle-stopper fastener. 

Frost, Francis N., & Andrew Turnbull. 

168,810 Oct. II, 1875 Lawn mower. 

Frost, Howard B. 

270,542 Jan. 9, 1883 Sash fastener. 

Gates, Samuel B. 

530,316 Dec. 4, 1894 Strike plate for bolts. 

Gerard, John. 



i7i'93i 


Jan. 


II, 


1876 


Carving fork. 


247^037 


Sep. 


13, 


.1881 


Carving fork. 


247,038 


" 


'* 




Carving fork. 


262,219 


Aug. 


8, 


T892 


Latch. 


303,833 


'' 


19, 


1884 


Inkstand. 


368,824 


(( 


23, 


1887 


Meat cutter. 


380,200 


Marcl 


hi 27, 


18S8 


Egg beater. 


459,108 


Sep. 


8, 


1891 


Spring scale. 


7,386 


April 


21, 


1874 


Design for a drawer pull, 


7»454 


May 


26, 




Design for a drawer pull. 


7,470 


June- 


2, 




Design for a drawer pull, 



8,597 Sep. 7, 1875 Design for a coffee mill. 

Gerard, John, & Charles F. Smith. 

345,044 July 6, 1886 Carving fork. 

Gerard, John, & Andrew Turnbull. 

i77i499 May 16, 1876 Fire apparatus. 

19O1573 "" 8, 1877 Fire escape (hydraulic. ) 

Gerard, John & Rodolphus L. Webb. 

377,555 Feb. 7, 1888 Molasses gate. 



58 





Gilfillan, 


William. 


473,456 


April 26, 


1892 


Combined door check and spring. 


488,651 


Dec. 27, 




Combined door check and spring. 


497^651 


May 16, 


1893 


Door check. 


534,999 


March 5, 


1895 


Door check. 




Glover, Charles. 


436,523 


Sep. 16, 


1890 


Sheet metal knob. 


447,510 


March 3, 


1891 


Coat and hat hook. 


448,224 


17, 




Manufacture of coat and hat hooks. 


453,424 


June 2, 




Manufacture of wardrobe hooks. 


465,259 


Dec. 15, 




Coat and hat hook. 


515,670 


Feb. 27, 


1894 


Manufacture of brackets for transom 
lifters. 


538,907 


May 7, 


1895 


Butt-hinge pin and tip. 


600,864 


March 22, 


1898 


Transom lifter. 


625,443 


May 23, 


1899 


Making hinges. 


626,204 


" 30, 




Hinge. 


631,501 


Aug. 22, 




Hinge. 


636,330 


Nov. 7, 




Hinge. 


636,331 


Ul li 




Hinge. 


636,332 


(C 11 




Hinge. 


29,828 


Dec. 20, 


1898 


Design for a bicycle pedal member. 


29,829 


H i' 




Design for a bicycle pedal member. 


29,830 


H (( 




Design for a bicycle pedal. 



Goodrich, Ransom, E. 

635,380 Oct. 24, 1899 Electroplating apparatus. 

Gorman, William. 

1869 Design for a hinge. 

Design for a lock face-plate. 

Design for a door escutcheon. 

Design for a door escutcheon. 

Design for a door escutcheon. 

Design for a door escutcheon. 

Design for a door knob or rose. 

Design for a butt hinge. 
[870 Design for an outside door latch. 

Design for a drawer pull. 



3,533 


June 8, 


3,578 


July 13,, 


3,606 


Aug. 10, 


3,607 


Cl u 


3,608 


.1 14 


3,615 


17, 


3,732 


Nov. 2, 


3,733 


2, 


3,873 


March i. 


3,915 


'• 22, 



54 

3,9i6 March 22, 1870 Design for a door escutcheon. 

4,034 May 17, Design for a sliding door lock face-plate, 

4,160 June 21, Design lor a sash fastener. 

4,335 Sep, 6, Design for a cupboard latch. 

4,474 Nov. 15, Design for a car lock. 

5^938 June 18, 1872 Design for a shutter bar. 

5>939 " " Design for a bell crank and rose. 

5,961 July 25, Design for a letter box plate. 

6,867 Sep. 2, 1873 Design for a lock escutcheon plate. 

7.018 Dec. 9, Design for a butt hinge. 

7.019 " " Design for a door knob rose. 

7.020 " " Design for a door knob. 

7.021 " " Design for kej hole escutcheons. 
7,068 " 23 Design for a knob rose and escutcheon. 
7,093 Jan 6, 1874 Design for a door knob and rose. 
7,362 April 7, Design for a mail box front. 

108,778 Nov. I, 1870 Sash fastener. 

174,626 March 14, 1876 Handle plate for door latches. 

Gridley, Wilmer D. 

75,750 March 24, 1868 Curtain fixture. 

83,058 Oct 13, Toy pistol, 

85,738 Jan. 12, 1869 Picture hook. 

89,307 April 27, Book holder. 

Hale, Albert W. 

21,355 Aug. 31, 1858 Portable house bell. 

23,246 March 15, 1859 Meat mincer. 

25,260 Aug. 30, Fastening for hoop skirts. 

Harkness, Hiram W. 

97,396 Nov. 30, 1869 Lantern. 

98,590 Jan. 4, 1870 Lawn mower. 

Hart, Charles E. 

294,035 Feb. 26, 1884 Hinge. 

471,610 March 29, 1892 Inside corner iron. 

473,392 April 19, Drive chain. 



55 

476.635 June 7, 1892 Drive chain. 

476.636 " 7, Latch handle. 

476.637 '•'• 7, Drive chain. 

477,895 " 28, Drive chain coupling link. 

523,346 July 24, 1894 Drive chain link. 

524,483 Aug. 14, Pintle for blind hinges. 

Hart, Charles E., & Thomas Corscaden. 

425,131 April 8, 1890 Cage for press slides. 

Hart, Charles E., & William H. Hart. 
488,808 Dec. 27, 1892 Drive chain. 

Hart, Charles E., & Clarence A. Taplin. 

476,201 May 31, 1892 -Drive chain. 

Hart, Charles E., & Thomas Tracy, 

258,685 May 30, 1882. Skate. 

Hart, George L. 

110,975 Jan. 17, 1871 Animal trap. 

112,807 March 21, Mouse and animal trap. 

116,052 June 20, Trace lock. 

122,318 Jan. 2, 1872 Mouse trap. 

Hart George P. 

474,086 May 3, 1892 Manufacture of drive chain links. 

491,645 Feb. 14, 1893 Stop hinge. 

Hart, Gerald W. 

226,914 April 27, 1880 Buckle. 

Hart, Howard S. 

473,175 April 19, 1892 Hinge. 

477*655 June 28, Hook. 

520,231 May 22, 1894 Drive chain. 



56 



Hart, Isaac W., & Omer Norton. 

74,352 Feb. II, 1868 Carpet fastener. 

Hart, Ozias. 

Dec. 31, 181 2 Rake for collecting apples. 

Hart, William H. 



48.555 


July 


4, 


1865 


Door bolt. 


50,120 


Sep. 


26, 




Door bolt. 


103,606 


May 


31, 


1870 


Door bolt. 


139,464 


June 


3, 


1873 


Sheet metal hinge. 


147,160 


Feb. 


10, 


1874 


Hasp fastener. 


215,739 


May 


27, 


1879 


Lifting handle. 


216,399 


June 


10. 




Hinge. 


218,436 


Aug. 


12, 




Hinge. 


327,260 


Sep. 


29, 


1885 


Series of labels for tacks, brads or naili 


333.854 


Jan. 


5, 


1886 


Strap hinge. 


389,508 


Sep. 


II, 


1888 


Making hinge leaves. 


420,062 


Jan. 


28, 


1890 


Box handle. 


483,843 


Oct. 


4. 


1892 


Drive chain. 


489,252 


Jan. 


3, 


1893 


Manufacture of chain links. 


504,494 


Sep. 


.5, 




Drive chain. 


504,877 


u 


12, 




Hinge. 


507,362 


Oct. 


24, 




Drive chain. 


527,975 


" 


23, 


1894 


Strap hinge. 


612,201 


(( 


II, 


1898 


Hinge. 


618,668 


Jan. 


31, 


1899 


Hinge. 


639,565 


Dec. 


19, 




Anti-friction hinge. 


23,257 


May 


8, 


1894 


Design for a strap hinge. 


23,402 


June 


26, 




Design for a strap hinge. 


23,447 


July 


10, 




Design for a strap hinge. 


23,477 


ii 


17, 




Design for a hinge leaf. 


23,506 


n 


24, 




Design for a hinge leaf. 



Hart, William H., & Thomas Corscaden. 

377,104 Jan. 31, 1888 Sheet metal hinge. 

18,956 March 12, 1889 Design for a hinge. 

Hart, William H. & Charles E. Hart. 

488,808 Dec. 27, 1892 Drive chain. 



0/ 

Haslam, Henry. 

85,586 Jan. 5, 1869 Sash fastener. 

Haslam, Henry F. 

320,555 J.une 23, 1885 Chalk line reel 

Haslam, Septimus Jr. 

80,283 July 28, 1868 Machine for producing reciprocating 

motion in knitting machines, eic 

Haslam, Walter. 

77,61 1 May 5, 1868 Seaming machine. 

Hausman, William F. 

539,868 May 27, 1895 , Manufacture of emery wheels. 

Henn, John. 

19,606 March 9, 1858 Attaching tools to handles. 

Henry, William K. 

558.071 April 14, 1896 Door check. 

576,965 Feb. 9, 1S97 Door check.. 

580,085 April 6, Door check. 

590,572 Sep, 28, Spring hinge. 

5971715 Jan. 25, 1898 Pneumatic door check. 

650,642 May 29, 1900 Liquid door check 

Henry William K., & Wilbur R. Corbin. 

641,844 Jan 23, 1900 Door. 

650,036 May 22, Hinge for double acting doors. 

Herrick, Frank J. 

221,730 Nov. 18, 1879 B^^l striking mechanism. 

255,857 April 4, 1882 Clasp for gloves or shoes. 

331,236 Nov. 24, 18S5 Lemon squeezer. 

344.526 June 29, 1886 Heel and sole protector. 

351,915 Nov. 2, Heel protector. 



3S6,039 


Jan. 


II, 


1887 


378,682 


Feb. 


28, 


1888 


382,086 


May 


I, 




382,260 


" 


I, 




383,809 


11 


29, 




405,886 


June 


25, 


1889 


437,815 


Oct. 


7, 


1890 


462,706 


Nov. 


10, 


1 891 


466,136 


Dec. 


29, 




485,037 


Oct. 


25. 


1892 


490,250 


Jan. 


17, 


1893 


494>293 


March 28, 




495,200 


April 


II, 




499^458 


June 


13. 




500,894 


July 


4, 




12,382 


Aug. 


2, 


1881 


19^578 


Jan. 


14^ 


1890 


i9'579 


" 


14^ 




19,580 


'' 


H> 




19,863 


May 


27, 




i9.9'3 


June 


27, 




20,110 


Aug. 


26, 




20,141 


Sep. 


9. 




21,888 


Oct. 


II, 


1892 


21,8^9 


u 


" 




32,871 


Nov. 


7, 


1893, 



58 

Horseman's spur. 

Statuette. 

Door button. 

Heel protector. 

Door check 

Waist belt loop. 

Boot tree. 

Clasp. 

Snap hook. 

Snap hook. 

Hammock attachment. 

Belt clasp. 

Attachment for hammock ropes 

Horse blanket buckle 

Blanket buckle. 

Design for shoe and glove clasps. 

Design for a belt clasp. 

Design for a belt clasp. 

Design for a belt clasp. 

Design for a clasp for belts. 

Design for a combination tool. 

Design for a belt clasp. 

Design for a belt clasp. 

Design for a heel protector. 

Design for a heel protector. 

Design for a razor strop. 



Herrick, Frank J., & Alonzo McManus. 



309,621 Dec. 23, 1884 Movable hook and plate. 

311,246 Jan 27, 1885 Swinging hook. 

Hicks, Lucien E. 

7,839 Dec 17, 1850 Eyelet making machine. 

Hicks, Thomas R. 

63,336 April 9, 1867 Vent plug. 

Hobson, Alice M. 

466,137 Dec. 29, 1891 Steam cooker 



59 

Hohenstein, Archie G. 

3295558 Nov. 3, 1885 Paper box, 

329'559 " 3' Paper box. 

Holland, Franklin. 

403,886 May 21, 1889 Machine for driving glazier's points, 

410,163 Sep. 3, Micrometer gage. 

547^435 Oct. 8, 1895 Hinge. 

Holmes, George H., & Alpheus A. 

Dennett, 

230,533 Julj 27, i88o Mechanism for operating the thread 

guides of straight knitting machines. 

Holtzhouser, Jacob. 

527,427 Oct. 16, 1894. Weighing scale. 

Horne, Henry. 

499,832 June 20, 1893 Padlock. 

545,461 Aug. 27, 1895 Safe deposit lock. 

22,456 May 23, 1893 Design for a padlock case. 

Hosford, William W. 

55,298 June 5, 1866 Sash fastening, 

Humason, Wm. L. 

3'373 ^^^- 16, 1869 Design for a latch. 

Humphrey, Ernest N. 

650,251 May 22, 1900 Clasp. 

Humphrey, John D. 

554,696 Feb. 18, 1896 Oil heater and illuminator. 

Hurd, Norman B. 

47 J '553 March 29, 1892 Sash fastener. 

577,430 Feb. 23, 1897 Shelf bracket. 



60 

Hurd, Norman B., & Henry C. Voight. 

632,291 Sep, 5, 899 Door check. 

Ibelle, Wm. H. 

296,010 April I, 1884 Barrel lifter and carrier 

Isham, Henry. 

151239 July I, 1856 Lock. 

17,740 '' 7, 1857 Lock. 

27,294 Feb. 28, 1S60 Lock. 

34,060 Jan. 4, 1862 Water meter. 

34,147 '• 14, Water meter. 

51,056 Nov. 21, 1865 Water meter. 

9^^971 Jan. 18, 1870 Knob for permutation locks. 

Jacobi, Ennil. 

562,613 June 23, 1896 Vegetable slicer. 

Johnson, Charles A. 

578,880 March 16, 1897 Bag latch and lock. 

Johnson, Jewett R., & Augustus E. 

Taylor. 

204,861 June II, 1878 Burglar alarm. 

Johnson, John B. 

593,377 Nov. 9, 1897 Can opener. 

Johnson, Joseph W. 

238,398 March i, 1881 Doorbell. 

261,095 Julv 14, 1882 Bottle stopper. 

Johnson, Joseph W., & Frederick B. 

Tate her. 

305,353 Sep. 16, 1884 Bottle filling machine. 

Jones, Arthur E. 

499,836 June 20, 1893 Suspender buckle. 



61 
Judd, Edward A. 



297,938 


April 


29, 


1884 


Trunk lock. 


483^383 


Sep. 


27, 


1892 


Padlock. 


484.895 


Oct. 


25, 




Padlock. 


515,689 


Feb. 


27, 


1894 


Lock. 


515,690 


'' 


•• 




Trunk lock. 


521,471 


June 


19^ 




Trunk lock. 


549,134 


Nov. 


5. 


1895 


Cylinder lock. 


21,821 


Aug. 


30. 


1892 


Design for a padlock case. 






Judd, Edward, M. 


21,968 


Nov. 


7, 


1858 


Sash fastener. 


30,408 


Oct. 


16, 


i860 


Window fastener. 


31,246 


Jan. 


29, 


1861 


Curtain fixture. 


34^504 


Feb. 


25^ 


1862 


Repeating fire arm. 


36,094 


Aug. 


5, 




Cord tightener for curtain fixtures 


37,098 


Dec. 


9, 




Railway car brake. 


37,099 


" 


9, 




Trucks for railway car. 


40,381 


Oct. 


20, 


1863 


Curtain fixture. 



Judd, Frederick W. 

87,344 March 2, 1869 Toy bow. 

97,925 Dec. 14, Carpet stretcher and tack holder. 

Judd, Hubert L. 

45.413 Dec. 13, 1864 Curtain fixture. 

Judd, Loren F. 

166,615 Aug. 10, 1875 Bridle bit. 

182,200 Sep. 12, 1876 Buckle. 

Judd, Mortimer' N. 

527.498 Oct. 16. 1S94 Snap hook. 

Judd, Mortimer N., & Alonzo McManus. 

597-501 Jan- 18, 1898 Back band buckle. 



62 



Judd, Morton. 



5,279 Sep. 4, 1847 Sash fastener. 

34,837 April I, 1862 Screw support for hanging pictures. 



39.052 


June 


30, 


1863 


Sash fastener. 






Judd, 01 


iver S. 


5,626 


June 


13. 


1848 


Window sash puUej. 


35.525 


<; 


10, 


1862 


Means of extinguishing gas lights 


39>659 


Aug. 


25. 


1863 


Snap hook. 


43»ii7 


June 


14. 


1864 


Material for the Manufacture of 
hinges. 


45.414 


Dec. 


13, 




Snap hook. 


50,136 


Sep. 


26, 


1865 


Sash fastening. 


56,951 


Aug. 


7. 


1866 


Snap hook. 


60,902 


Jan. 


I, 


1867 


Snap hook. 


194,825 


Sep. 


4. 


1877 


Sash fastener. 


249,947 


Nov. 


22, 


1881 


Chain. 


297,605 


April 


29, 


1884 


Sash fastener. 


361,634 


a 


19, 


18S7 


Bracket hook. 


372,805 


Nov. 


8, 




Fire escape. 



butt- 



Kanrich, Isaac. 

[48,708 March 17, 1874 Lantern. 

Kempshall, Eleazer. 



139,718 


June 


10, 


1873 


Tobacco Hanger. 


165,933 


July 


27. 


187s 


Snap hook. 


166,783 


Aug. 


17, 




Harness snap. 


211,913 


Feb. 


4, 


1879 


Sash fastener. 


212,950 


Mar. 


4, 




Snap hook. 


257,721 


Mav 


9, 


1882 


Snap hook. 


257,722 


1.1 


21 




Sash fastener. 


263,340 


Aug. 


29, 




Snap hook. 


264,539 


Sep. 


19, 




Sash fastener. 


282,903 


Aug. 


7, 


1883 


Button fastener. 


283,896 


" 


28, 




Sash fastener. 


294,474 


March 4, 


1884 


Window and door button. 


294,787 


'^ 


II, 




Sash fastener. 


298,984 


May 


20, 




Button setting instrument. 



63 



301,450 


July 


I, 


1884 


Button fastener. 


310,524 


Tan. 


6, 


1885 


Button fastener. 


310,525 


'' 


6, 




Button setting instrument. 


310,830 


'^ 


13. 




Button setting instrument. 


314,684 


March 31, 




Button fastener. 


328,315 


Oct. 


13' 




Button fastener packing case. 


341 148 


May 


4, 


1886 


Button attaching needle. 


344.583 


June 


29, 




Button fastener. 


347'7i8 


Aug. 


17' 




Paper fastener. 


347,719 


t» 


17. 




Paper fastener. 


354.064 


Dec. 


7' 




Heel protector for boots or shoes. 


356,202 


Jan. 


18, 


1887 


Paper fastener. 


372,807 


Nov 


8, 




Heel protector. 


376,824 


Jan. 


24, 


1888 


Heel for boots or shoes. 


436,760 


Sep. 


16, 


1890 


Gas burner. 


466,689 


Jan. 


5. 


1892 


Invisible garment fastening. 


10,379 


Nov. 


20, 


1877 


- Design for a snap hook. 



Kempshall, Eleazer, & Francis H. 

Richards, Springfield. 

370,891 Oct. 4, 1887 Sash fastener. 

Kempsiiali, Eleazer, & William Nash. 

184,873 Nov. 28, 1876 Snap hook. 

189,129 April 3, 1877 Snap hook. 

Kenyon, William T. 

246,615 Sep. 6, 1881 Bolt. 

429,630 June 10, 1890 Bolt. 

Kossuth, Joseph. 

230,877 Aug. 10 1880 Coi-kscrew. 

Kossuth, Joseph & Charles Herold, 

Hartford. 

^57,613 Dec. 8, 1874 Washing machine. 

Kutscher, Louis. 

494,006 March 21, 1893 Shutter worker. 



64 
Landers, Charles S. 

11,281 July 8, 1879 Design for an inkstand. 

Landers, Geo. M. 

32,728 Dec. 18, 1900 Design for a knife handle. 

Langerfield, Arthur. 

14,888 March 18, 1884 Design for ornamentation of builder's 

hardware. 
14,969 April 22, Design for ornamentation of hardware. 

Lee, James T., & Lorenzo P. 

632,530 Sep. 5, 1899 Rope Clamp. 

Leonard, John B. H. 

179,482 July 4, 1876 Table cutlery. 

Leonard, John B. H., & Albert H. North. 

1731807 Feb. 22, 1876 Machine for dressing cutlery handles. 

Leppert, Henry. 

545,080 Aug. 27. 1895 Transom rod holder. 

605,105 June 7 1898 Antifriction washer for hinges. 

Lewis, Burdett A. 

65,096 May 28, 1867 Trace fastening. 

Lockwood, William N. 

28,384 May 22, i860 Ox yoke fastening. 

Lotz Jacob. 

370,959 Oct. 4, 1887 Hat or coat hook. 

Lowe, John. 

7,265 April 9, 1850 Harness hame. 

73'736 " 9' 1S67 Ox bow pin. 

86,847 Feb. 9, 1S69 Carriage shackle. 

326,229 Sep. 15, 18S5 Ox bow fastening. 



65 

Lyons, Thomas. 

334,123 Jan. [2, 1886 Meat cutter. 

450,331 April 14, 1891 Stop for latches. 

458.180 Aug. 25, Door bolt. 

1,507 Dec. 24 1861 Design for a horse spur. 

Magnus, Edwin R. 

411,461 Sep. 24, 1889 Dentist's bench block. 

Mahoney, Daniel M., & Thomas F. 

McDonald, New Haven. 

6491337 May 8, 1900 Oil can. 

Maisonville, Frances E. 
589,477 Sep. 7, 1897 - Meat tenderer. 

McManus, Alonzo. 

58,350 Sep. 25, 1866 Snap hook. 

255''879 April 4, 1882 Spur. 

268,261 Nov. 28, 1882 Rosette for harness. 

384.774 June 19, 1888 Spur. 

McManus, Alonzo, & Frank J. Herrick. 

309.621 Dec. 23, 1884 Movable hook and plate. 

311,246 Jan. ^7, 1885 Swinging hook. 

McManus Alonzo, & Mortimer N. Judd. 

597,501 Jan. 18, 1898 Back band buckle. 

Merriman, Alanson H. 

78,225 May 26, 1868 Press spindle adjustment. 

Meylert, Asa P. 

135,001 Jan. 21, 1873 Purifying carbonic acid gas. 

136,446 March 4, Mfgr. of white lead. 

137,615 April 8, Purifying carbonic acid gas. 

^5^^497 J'J"^ 2, 1874 Mfgr. of white lead. 



66 
Miles, Purchase. 

24,479 ]^^^ 21, 1859 Window curtain fixture. 

Miller, Charles G. 

13^13^7 Sep. 17, 1872 Carpenter's plow. 

142,037 Aug. 19, 1873 Match plane. 

165.355 July 6, 1875 Forging and grooving planes. 

1795718 July II, 1876 Combined picture hanger and carpet 

stretcher. 
>8i,357 Aug. 22, Tonguing and grooving planes. 

Miller, Charles C, & Leonard Bailey. 

165.356 July 6, 1875 Dado plane. 

Mitchell, Charles E. 

65,107 May 28, 1867 Snap hook. 

Mix, Frank W. 



281,713 


July 24, 


1883 


Lock. 




285,916 


Oct. 2, 




Trunk Lock. 




286,327 


9. 




Cabinet lock. 




295,270 


March 18, 


1884 


Piano lock. 




295,660 


25, 




Lock. 




296,345 


April 8, 




Trunk lock. 




297.151 


22, 




Lock. 




302,927 


Aug. 5, 




Lock. 




309.238 


Dec. 16, 




Keeper plate for locks. 




320,155 


June 16, 


1885 


Mortise lock. 




331.426 


Dec. I, 




Plates and sockets for t 


;runk locks, 


337. 1S7 


March 2, 


1886 


Trunk lock. 




344,002 


June 22, 




Hasp lock. 




344,669 


'^ 29, 




Padlock. 




351.458 


Oct. 26, 




Padlock. 




35^.627 


Nov 16, 




Trunk or box fastener. 




355.333 


Jan. 4, 


1887 


Trunk or box fastener. 




359.274 


March 15, 




Sash fastener. 




360,6 1 1 


April 5, 




Mortise lock. 




361,072 


April 12, 




Padlock. 





67 



362,305 


Mav 3, 


1887 


Trunk or box hinge. 


362,986 


"' 17. 




Hasp lock. 


365'533 


June 28, 




Trunk lid lifter and cup or hasp plate for 
trunk locks. 


3650-34 


28, 




Hasp lock. 


379.901 


March 20, 


1888 


Friction hinge. 


404,048 


May 28, 


1889 


Lock. 


407,36^ 


Jul J 23, 




. Hinge. 


445,121 


Jan. 20, 


1891 


Padlock. 


448.981 


March 25, 




Key guide for locks. 


16,564 


9. 


1886 


Design for ornamentation of keys. 


17,670 


Aug. 30, 


1887 


Design for a hasp lock case. 



Mix, Frank W., & August Arens. 

333,656 Jan. 5, 1886 Cupboard latch, 



331.427 



Mix, Frank W., & George B. Cowles. 

Dec. I, 1885 Trunk lock. - 



Monier, Elizabeth, & Frederick Monier. 

424,7:0 April I, 1890 Jar cover fastening. 



Monier, Frederick. 



424.719 
535.549 



April I, 1890 
March 12, 1895 



Spur. 
Jar fastener. 



Monier, Frederick, & Elizabeth Monier. 

424,720 April I, 1890 Jar cover fastening. 

Moon, Frank D 

462,847 Nov. 10, 1891 Standing gutter for roofs. 



Moore, E. Allen. 



504,498 
569,464 



Sep. 5, 1893 
Oct. 13, 1896 



Machine for polishing hinges 
Stairs. 



68 



Mosher, George D. 

I79i335 June 27, 1876 Snap hook. 

182,320 Sep. 19, Spoke shave. 

Mosman, David, 
222,720 Dec. 16. 1879 Buckle shield. 

Mosman, David & Rodolpiius L. Webb. 

203,757 May 14, 1878 Inkstand. 

Mueller, Charles. 

660,262 Oct. 23, 1900 Etching metal. 

Munger, Wallace T. 



90,288 


May 19, 


1869 


Reversible latch. 


100,313 


March i. 


1870 


Reversible latch. 


100,314 


March i , 




Door knob rose. 


109,834 


Dec. 6, 




Door latch. 


113,909 


April 18, 


187 1 


Reversible knob latch. 


113,910 


April 18, 




Door lock. 


116,082 


June 20, 




Door bell. 


138,680 


May 6, 


1873 


Mortise door latch. 


138,919 


May 13, 




Reversible latch. 


139,687 


June 10, 




Bell pull. 


146,468 


Jan. 13, 


1874 


Extension key. 


161,700 


April 6, 


1875 


Reversible latch. 


3.918 


March 22, 


1870 


Design for a lock key 



Munger, Wallace T., & Asa T. Brooks. 

211,832 Feb. 4, 1879 Lock. 

Munson, Edward H. 

513,949 Jan. 30, 1894 Connector for electric wires. 

Munson, Samuel R. 

32,028 Dec. 26, 1899 Design for an egg beater frame. 

33,733 Dec. 18, 1900 Design for a case for price scales. 



69 

Nash, William. 

52,587 Feb. 13, 1866 Knife sharpener. 

61,855 Feb. 5, 1867 Saw set. 

13O1936 Aug. 27, 1872 Saw set. 

213,059 March II, 1879 Nutmeg grater. 

Nasii, William. & Eleazer Kempshall. 

184,873 Nov. 28, 1876 Snap hook. 

189,129 April 3, 1877 Snap hook. 

NeidI, William J. 

503,706 Aug. 22, 1893 Lock. 

546,784 Sep. 24, 1895 Sash fastener. 

59^1537 Oct. 12, 1897 Sash fastener, 

Neumann, Ernest F. 

493,641 March 21, 1893 Stovepipe thimble. 

Nichols, Josiah H. 
70,352 Oct. 29, 1867 Mfgr. of knives and forks. 

Nicholls, Walter. 

397,304 Feb 5, 1889 Spur. 

Noble, Howard C. 

13,985 June 19, 1883 Design for a boot strap. 

26,108 Sep. 19, 1896 Design for a heel protector. 

28,505 April 26, 1898 Design a for buckle. 

North, Albert H. 

175.142 March 21, 1876 Machine for stripping cutlery steels. 

177,545 ^^y 16' Carving fork. 

178.322 June 6, Machine for planing knife scales. 

North, Albert H., & John B. H. Leonard. 

173.807 Feb. 22, 1876 Machine for dressing cutlery handles. 



70 

North, Alvin. 

545 Dec. 29, 1837 Saddle bag fastening. 

North, Alvin & Oliver B., & Stephen 

Frink. 

7,398 Maj 28, 1850 Machinery for making four-sided buckles. 

North, Henry. 

79,248 June 23, 1868 Sash fastener. 

North, Oliver B. & Alvin. & Stephen 

Frink. 

7,398 May 28, 1850 Machinery for making four-sided buckles. 

North, Orrin S. 

3,486 March 13, 1844 Mail bag label. 

North, Orrin A. 

85,756 Jan. 12, 1869 Clothes hook. 

89,331 April 27, Door bell. 

130,937 Aug. 27, 1872 Fruit basket. 

133,168 Nov. 19, Metallic basket handle. 

Norton, Charles L. 

244,651 July 19, 1881 Safety pin. 

Norton, Omer, & Isaac W. Hart. 

74,352 Feb. II, 186S Carpet fastener. 

O'Brien, John. 

201,441 March 19, 1878 Plant duster. 

O'Neil, John A. 

43S»766 Sep. 2, 1890 Brush. 

Osgood, John L. 

231,445 Aug 24, 1S80 Cartridge loader. 



71 





Ottner, 


Joseph. 


28,940 


June 26, i860 


Lifting handle. 


32,771 


Nov. 5, 1872 


Cupboard catch. 


4^930 


May 23, 1871 


Design a for cupboard latch. 


5,694 


March 19, 1872 


Design a for paper clip. 


5,702 


'' 


Design for a drawer pull. 


5,703 


ii. i; 


Design for a bolt case. 


5,704 


tc u 


Design for a bracket. 



Packard, Charles F. 

174.287 Feb. 29, 1876 Tool holder. 

Paramore, Samuel K., & John B. Dyson. 

249,324 Nov. 8, 1881 Shaft coupling. 

Parker, Emery. 



89.596 


May 


4' 


1869 


Door key. 


89,886 


11 


II, 




Key. 


90,121 


" 


18, 




Key. 


97,547 


Dec 


7, 




Sheet metal key. 


1054^7 


July 


19, 


1870 


Machine for milling the knuckles of butt 
hinges. 


105,488 


'^ 


11 




Butt centering machine. 


107,530 


Sep 


20, 




Track rail for sliding doors. 


128,650 


July 


2, 


1872 


Die for making key blanks. 


129.587 


" 


16, 




Door lock. 


135.147 


Jan. 


21, 


1873 


Knob latch. 


139,077 


May 


20, 




Wire mattress. 


188,258 


ifarch 13, 


1877 


Knob latch. 


192.656 


July 


3, 




Safety gearing. 


196.696 


Oct. 


30, 




Shutter fastening. 


196,697 


'' 


" 




Sash lift and lock. 


206,605 


Tuly 


n 


1878 


Fastening porclain and other knobs to 
their shanks. 


224,348 


Feb. 


10, 


1880 


Knob attachment. 


226,243 


April 


6, 




Knob attachment. 


226.244 


" 


6, 




Knob rose attachment. 


231,608 


Aug. 


24, 




Lock case. 


234 507 


Nov. 


2, 




Key. 



72 



236,838 


Jan. 


18, 


1881 


Lock case. 


239,668 


April 


5. 




Key. 


249,789 


Nov. 


22, 




Lock. 


262,243 


Aug. 


8, 


1882 


Latch. 


279iOo6 


June 


5. 


1883 


Striking plate for locks. 


281,294 


July 


17. 




Lock case. 


300^393 


June 


't 


1884 


Lock. 


327,820 


Oct. 


6, 


1885 


Knob attachment. 


3.338 


Jan. 


12, 


1869 


Design a for sash pulley face plate 


3.387 


Feb. 


23. 




Design for a lock face plate. 


3.534 


June 


8, 




Design for a hinge face plate. 


3.673 


Sep. 


28, 




Design for a latch face plate 


3.722 


Oct. 


T9. 




Design for a shutter hook or bar. 


3.808 


Dec. 


28, 




Design for a key. 


3.809 


" 


(( 




Design for a lock striker plate. 


3.833 


Feb. 


I, 


1870 


Design for a sash or shutter lift. 



Parker, Emery. & Horace K. Jones, 

(Hartford), 

210,221 Nov. 26, 1878 Chuck for metal screw machines. 

Parker, Emery, & William D. Spencer. 

137,498 April I, 1873 Bed bottom spring. 



Parker, William E. 

623,287 April 18, 1899 Cylinder lock. 

653,693 July 17, 1900 Door knob rose. 

10,508 March 5, 1878 Design for chessmen. 



Parr, James A. 

213.298 March 18, 1879 Stockinet seaming machine. 

213.299 " " Knitting machine. 

Parson, Swan. 

637.154 Nov. 14, 1899 Car switch. 

637.155 ^' "• Switch operating attachment for cars. 



73 

Parsons, Henry C, & William A. Brown. 

428,130* Maj 20, 1890 Belt fastener. 

Peck, Elnathan. 

1,284 July 17, i860 Design for a gridiron. 

Pelton, Francis A. 

518,825 April 24, 1894 P^P^ hanger. 

Penfield, Charles W. 

1431996 Oct. 28, 1873 Door gong. 

152,249 June 23, 1874 Nut lock. 

190,074 April 24, 1877 Sash fastener. 

201,942 " 2, 1878 Sash fastener. 

373^535 Nov. 22, 1887 Snap hook. 

Penfeld, Charles W., & Wm. J. Carnes, 

Sr., (Gonzales, Texas.) 

227,675 May 18, 1880 Stake pin. 

Penfield. Chester. 

67,212 July 30, 1867 Doorbell. 

85.759 Jan. 12, 1869 Door bell. 

85.760 '' '' Alarm bell. 
135,580 Feb. 4, 1873 Bed bottom. 

Penfield, Martin. 

227,992 May 25, 1880 Knob attachment. 

Pepper, John Paige. 

8,592 Dec. 16, 1851 Mineral composition resembling jasper. 

Peterson, John G. 

603,046 April 26, 1898 Striking mechanism for bells. 

Pilgrim, James. 
22,450 Dec. 28, 1858 Core for molding plastic substances. 



82,030 


Sep. 


8, 




90,682 


June 


I, 


1869 


90,683 


" 


1, 




97»55o 


Dec. 


1, 




114,706 


May 


9. 


1871 


120,296 


Oct. 


31. 




125,905 


April 


23r 


1872 


166,632 


Aug. 


10, 


1875 



74 
Pilkington, George B. 

431,992 Juij 8, 1890 Suspender buckle. • 

451,840 May 5, 1891 Buckle. 

462,914 Nov. 10, Suspender buckle 

Pillard, Oliver E. 

71,639 Dec. 3, 1867 Adjustable tumbler for permutation locks. 

73,831 Jan. 28, 1868 Permutation lock. 

75,967 March 24, Permutation lock. 

79,388 June 30, Permutation lock. 

Adjustable tumbler for permutation locks. 

Combination lock. 

Permutation lock. 

Permutation lock. 

Permutation lock. 

Permutation lock. 

Permutation lock. 

Time lock. 

Pillard, Oliver E., & E. M. McPherson, 

(Boston, Mass.) 

189,902 April 24, 1877 Combination lock. 

Porter, Eli H. 
53,333 March 20, 1866 Button swivel. 

Porter, Frederick W.. & Isaac. 

180,632 Aug. I, 1876 Door spring. 

Porter, Mortimer G. 

409,064 Aug. 13, 1889 Box pull. 

Prichard, Charles F. 

597,189 Jan. II, 1898 Faced brick. 

Prindle, Lucius H. 

27,751 Oct. 19, 1897 Design for a snap hook. 

275752 " " Design for a body for snap hooks. 



75 



Punzelt, Edward E. 

523,648 July 24, 1894 Door check. 

Randall, Silas G. 

29,194 July 17, i860 Hay press. 

Renehan, James A. 

347,830 Aug. 24, 1886 Street support for electric lamps. 

Renehan, James J. 

4981570 May 30, 1893 Suspension device for electric lamps. 

510,486 Dec. 12, Electric lamp support. 

523,007 July 17, 1894 Electric lamp support. 

559,084 April 28, 1896 Car fender. 

Reynolds, Arthur J. 

475*705 May 24, 1892 Drive chain link. 

Reynolds, Joseph. 

21,365 Aug. 31, 1858 Carpet fastener. 

Rice, E. Wilbur, & Elihu Thomson. 

320,017 June 16, 1885 Cut-out for electric circuits. 

Richards, Francis H. 

142,044 Aug. 19, 1873 Machine for forging horseshoe nails. 

144,926 Nov. 25, Door spring. 

149,366 April 7, 1874 Converting motion. 

150,356 " 28, Traction engine. 

156,236 Oct. 27, Mechanical movement. 

164,102 June 8, 1875 Machine for forging horseshoe nail bars. 

177,960 May 30, 1876 Drop hammer. 

Richards, Henry. 

186,954 ^^^- 6» 1S77 Wrench. 



76 



Richards, Henry, & Justus A. Traut. 



82,640 


Sep. 


29. 


1868 


Endless belt. 


175^758 


April 


4, 


1876 


Box scraper. 


176,151 


t > 


18, 




Spoke shave. 


176,152 


" 


n 




Bench plane. 


. 




Richards, 


Hubert P. 


463*974 


Nov. 


24, 


1891 


Hook. 


476,172 


Maj 


31, 


1892 


Suspender buckle 


489502 


Jan. 


10, 


1893 


Snap hook. 


594*429 


Nov. 


30> 


1897 


Shuttle for sewing machines. 


601,280 


March 29, 


1898 


Presser foot for sewing machines. 


601,402 


" 


29, 




Presser foot for sewing machines. 


602,522 


April 


19* 




Tension device. 


607,079 


July 


12, 




Sewing machine. 


608,795 


Aug. 


9. 




Thread controling means for 
machines. 


652,935 


July 


3- 


1900 


Sewing machine. 


664,505 


Dec. 


25. 




Driving mechanism. 



sewing^ 



Richmond, Henry B. 

13O1747 Aug. 20, 1872 Harness. 



Richmond, Robert. 

175*504 March 28, 1876 Carving fork. 

Riecl<er, Charles E. 

553,074 Jan. 14, 1896 Tobacco pipe. 

588,294 Aug. 17, 1897 Rule joint. 

Riecker, Charles E., & Justus A. Traut. 
448,791 March 24, 1891 Bag holding apparatus. 

Roberts. Richard N. 

74,596 Feb. 18, 1868 Hitching post cap. 



77 
Rockwell, Albert F. 

32,201 Feb. 6, 1900 Design for a bicycle bell clamp. 

Rowley, Burdette L. 

76,821 April 14, 1868 Flexible bridle bit. 

^33)259 Nov. 19, 1872 Inlaying metal with rubber. 

136^767 March II, 1873 Bridle bit. 

Russell, Henry E. 

1,036 Aug. 10, 1858 Design for a door lock plate. 

Russell, Henry E., Jr. 



218,455 


Aug. 


12, 


1879 


Reversible latch. • 


223.066 


Dec. 


30, 




Spring tongs. 


23 1' 195 


Aug 


17, 


1880 


Chain bolt. 


246,639 


Sep. 


6, 


1881 . 


Transom lifter. 


326,920 


11 


22, 


1885 


Knob attachment. 


340,620 


April 


27. 


1886 


Lock for sliding doors. 


373.416 


Nov. 


15, 


1887 


Signal bell. 


377.362 


Jan. 


31. 


1888 


Transom lifter. 


412,418 


Oct. 


8, 


1889 


Sheet metal latch case. 


412,419 


u 


8, 




Sheet metal latch case. 


431,078 


July 


I, 


1890 


Pin for the hinges of stove doors, 


434-470 


Aug. 


19, 




Lock bolt. 


436,381 


Sep. 


16, 




Latch. 


438,188 


Oct. 


14, 




Master key lock. 


450,339 


April 


ii 


1891 


Latch. 


450,340 


" 


" 




Key. 


450,341 


11 


11 




Lock. 


606,246 


June 


28, 


1898 


Latch. 


11,191 


May 


13 


1879 


Design for a door knob. 


11,308 


July 


29, 




Design for a padlock. 


15,754 


Jan. 


27, 


1885 


Design for a door knob. 


22.755 


Aug. 


29, 


1893 


Design for a door knob. 


22,756 


'' 


" 




Design for an escutcheon plate. 



Russell, Henry E. Jr., & Horace K. 

Jones, (Hartford), 

315,170 April 7, 1885 Wire notching machine. 



78 
Sage, Joseph. 

April 14, 1810 Clothes pressing machine. 

Sargent, Joseph B. 

21,218 Aug. 17, 1858 Andiron, 

21,981 Nov. 2, Lifting handle, 

29,720 Aug. 21, i860 Picture nail head. 

1,403 April 30, 1861 Design for a twine box. 

1,560 " I, 1862 Design for a coffin handle. 

1,571 " 29, Design for a coffin handle. 

Sargent, Joseph B., & Purmot Bradford. 

1,345 Nov. 13, i860 Design for a drawer pull. 

Sargent, Joseph B., & Frederick W. 

Brocksieper. 

20,238 May II, 1858 Sash fastener. 

Sargent, Samuel D. 

192,132 June 19, 1877 Bench plane. 

2x6,^77 '* i7i 1879 Flexibled faced plane-stock. 

3S5»03i I^ec. 28, 1886 Bench plane. 

Sargent, Samuel D., & Leonard Bailey. 

124,779 March 19, 1872 Carpenter's bevel. 

Sargent, Samuel D., & Edmund A. 

Schade. 

302,672 July 29, 1884 Opera chair. 

Schade, Edmund A. 

466,142 Dec 27, 1891. Floor clamp. 

473*087 April 19, 1892. Plane iron. 

545,732 Sep. 3, 1895 Design for a frame for circular planes. 

Schade, Edmund A., & Samuel D. Sargent. 

302,672 July 29, 1884 Opera chair. 



79 

Schade, Edmund A., & Justus A, Traut. 

532,842 Jan. 22, 1895 Bench plane, 

553'322 " 21, 1896 Miter or bevel plane. 

Schoonmaker, Peter. 

76,826 April 14, 1868 Trace clip. 

80,510 Julj 28, Bridle bit. 

Schwalm, Charles L. 

592,099 Oct. 19, 1897 Clothes line support. 

Scott, William W. 

261,632 July 25, 1882 , Permutation lock. 

Seymour, Albert P. 

155,469 Sep. 29, 1874 Mop and brush holder. 

Shepard, Amos. 

84,072 Nov. 17, 1868 Venting metallic cores. 

84,714 Dec. 8, Sheet metal bending machine. 

Shepard, Amos, & Henry C. Bulkley. 

89,023 April 20, 1869 Pump valve. 

Shepard, Josiah. 

45,088 Nov. 15, 1864 Buckle, 

47,500 April 25, 1865 Harness fastening. 

71,232 Nov. 19, 1867 Kite frame. 

119,888 Oct 10, 1871 Umbrella. 

139,088 May 20, 1873 Manufacture of umbrella stretchers. 

Skinner, Edward J. 

291O67 July 19, 1898 Design for a chuck. 











80 






Ski 


nner, 


James N. 


250,400 


Dec. 


6, 


1881 


Lathe chuck. 


269,889 


Jan. 


2, 


1883 


Lathe chuck. 


303>33i 


Aug. 


12, 


1884 


Lathe chuck. 


381^857 


April 


24, 


1888 


Drill chuck. 


454^074 


June 


16, 


1891 


Drill chuck. 


460,601 


Oct. 


6, 




Lathe chuck. 


4631373 


Nov. 


i7> 




Lathe chuck ja 


463^392 


(I 


17. 




Lathe chuck. 


508,533 


K 


Hi 


1893 


Face plate jaw, 



Smith, Alfred J. 

572^075 Nov. 24, 1896 Raisin seeder. 

Smith, Charles F. 



Faucet. 

Molasses gate. 

Egg beater. 

Right and left hand stop and waste cock. 

Right and left hand stop and waste cock. 

Right and left hand stop and waste cock. 

Design for a cutlery handle tip. 

Design for a knife blade. 

Design for cutlery handles. 

Design for cutlery handles. 

Design for a knife. 

Design for a knife. 

Design for a knife handle. 

Design for a knife handle. 

Design for a knife handle. 

Design for a knife handle. 

Design for a knife handle. 

Design for a knife blade and bolster. 



Smith. Charles F., & John Gerard. 

345,044 July 6, 1886 Carving fork. 



387,014 


July 


3I1 


1888 


490,404 


Jan. 


24, 


1893 


588,663 


Aug, 


24, 


1897 


594,161 


Nov. 


23, 




594,162 


(( 


u 




633^916 


Sep. 


26, 


1899 


20,116 


Aug. 


26, 


1890 


22,482 


May 


30, 


1893 


22,483 


IC 


(( 




22,503 


June 


6, 




22,700 


Aug. 


i5i 




24,163 


April 


2, 


1895 


25,560 


June 


2, 


1896 


25^561 


u 


K 




25,562 


•' 


44 




32,148 


Jan. 


30, 


1900 


32,306 


March 6, 




331682 


Dec. 


II, 





81 
Smith, Charles H. 

194,789 Sep. 4, 1877 Latch for doors, etc. 

225,728 March 23, 1880 Latch. 

272,593 Feb. 20, 18S3 Padlock. 

Smith, Clarence E. 

618.912 Feb. 7, 1899 Snap hook. 

645,874 March 20, 1900 Jewelry fastening. 

652,903 July 3, Fastening device. 

30,717 May 9, 1899 Design for a buckle. 

Smith, James A. 

618,744 Jan. 31, 1899 Lard press, etc. 

27,545 Aug. 17, 1897 Design for a case for spring balances. 

Smith, James D. 

9,348 Oct. 19, 1852 Sash stopper and fastener. 

Sparks, William E. 



185 268 


Dec. 


12, 


1876 


Cupboard catch. 


188,311 


Marck 


•13, 


1877 


Combined sash lift and fastener. 


189, 145 


Apri 


I 3, 




Sash fastener. 


189,397 


^' 


10, 




Door bell. 


190,162 


May 


I, 




Reversible knob latch. 


190.792 


- 


15. 




Closet latch. 


198,704 


Dec. 


25. 




Reversible latch. 


201,958 


April 


2, 


1878 


Reversible latch. 


209,990 


Nov. 


19. 




Reversible latch. 


223,073 


Dec. 


30. 


1879 


Bell striking mechanism. 


223,074 


a 


" 




Striking mechanism for door belli 


226,682 


April 


20, 


1880 


Sliding door lock handle. 


228,569 


June 


8, 




Latch. 


231.504 


Aug. 


24, 




Latch. 


242,568 


June 


7. 


1881 


Chain bolt. 


250,849 


Dec. 


13. 




Face plate for latches. 


255,893 


April 


4. 


1882 


Door check. 


263,070 


Aug. 


22, 




Sash fastener. 


268,564 


Dec 


5, 




Sliding door handle. 



82 



270i993 J^n- 23, 1883 Sash fastener, 

Door latch. 



273.403 


March 


1 6, 


275i533 


April 


10, 


279^837 


June 


19. 


279^838 


" 


11 


284,506 


Sep. 


4. 


304'04i 


Aug. 


26, I 


14,972 


April 


22, 


15,012 


May 


20, 


15.755 


Jan. 


27, il 



Door latch. 
Latch. 

Sash fastener. 
Sash fastener. 

884 Lock for sliding doors. 
Design for a sash fastener frame. 
Design for a hinge. 

885 Design for a 5ash fastener frame. 



Sparks, William E., & Otto F. 

Fogelstrand. 

206,940 Aug. 13, 1878 Sash fastener. 

Spencer, William D., & Emery Parker. 

137,498 April I, 1873 -^^^ bottom spring. 

Spring, John M. 

113,808 April 18, 187 1 Bird cage hook. 

126,846 May 14, 1872 Face plate and strike for locks. 

172,195 Jan. II, 1876 Folding key for locks. 

I97i572 Nov. 27, 1877 Bronzing articles of iron. 

248,675 Oct. 25, 1881 Bracket. 

Spurr, George W. 

417,520 Dec. 17, 1889 Reclining chair. 

477,340 June 21, 1892 Cash register and indicator. 

508,353 Nov. 7, 1893 Cash register and indicator. 

Squier, Horace S. 

552,932 Jan. 14, 1896 Bridle bit. 



Stanley, Augustus, 

77,779 May 12, 1868 Saw horse. 

97»455 Nov. 30, 1869 Bit stock. 



83 

Stanley, Augustus, & Samuel N. Chapin. 

68,603 Sep. 10, 1867 Adjusting spirit level. 

Stanley, James N. 

612,619 Oct. 18, 1898 Cutlery handle. 

Stannard, Monroe. 

33,126 Aug. 20, 1861 Rotary pump. 

55,927 June 26, 1866 Sewing machine needle. 

Steele, David. 

207,781 Sep. 3, 1878 Tool handle. 

Steele, Elbridge J. 



58,029 


Sep. 


III 


1866 


, Window shade fastening. 


II5.78I 


June 


6, 


1871 


Window shutter fastening. 


152,774 


Julj 


7. 


1874 


Door button. 


182,240 


Sep. 


12 


1876 


Cupboard catch. 


184,184 


Nov. 


7. 




Door bolt. 


213.703 


March 25, 


1879 


Shutter hook. 


3^744 


Nov. 


9' 


1869 


Design for a drawer pull. 


4,822 


April 


18, 


1871 


Design for a drawee pull. 


7.578 


Jnlj 


21, 


1874 


Design for a twine holder. 



Steele, Ogden L., & Wilbur F. Arnold. 

89,191 April 20, 1869 Door bolt, etc. 

Steele, Ransom. 

299*435 ^I^y 27, 1884 Combined carpenter's square and bevel. 

310,964 Jan. 20, 1885 Marking gauge. 

391,207 Oct 16, 1888 Shutter fastener. 

Steeles, William B. 

570,346 Oct. 27, 1896 Cutlery handle. 

Stevens, Clayton S. 

430,240 June 17, 1890 Music stand and rack. 



84 
Stevens, Willard E. 

553'970 Feb. 4, 1896 Blind hinge. 

Storer, George. 

24,831 Julj 19, 1859 Meat masher. 

28,818 June " i860 Finishing machine. 

62,085 Feb. 12, 1867 Basket machine, 

Storer, George, & Jared B. Flagg, 

(New Haven). 

58,627 Oct. 9, 1866 Canvas stretcher. 

Storer, George, & G. W. Storer, 

(Portland, Ct). 
61,029 Jan. 8, 1867 Attachment for center boards for vessels. 

Storrs, Samuel P. 

479,082 July 19, 1892 Brush. 

Summers, Lucius P. 

105,513 July 19, 1870 Device for inserting the pins in butt 

hinges. 
109,851 Dec. 6, Machine for countersinking holes in butt 

hinges. 
I33'903 " lO' 1872 Hinge making machine. 

151,632 June 2, 1874 Machine for dressing the joints of hinges. 

196,722 Oct. 30, 1877 Butt grinding machine. 

Swanson, Andrew, & Henning A. Friden. 

590,494 Sep. 21, 1897 Plow. 

Taplin, Clarence A. 

500,223 June 27, 1893 Drive chain link. 

Taplin, Clarence A., & Charles E. Hart. 

476,201 May 31, 1892 Drive chain. 



85 
Taylor, Augustus E. 



81,559 


Aug. 


25. 


1868 


Letter file. 


115,385 


May 


30, 


1871 


Lantern. 


141,674 


Aug, 


12, 


1873 


Bell for sleigh shafts. 


162,258 


April 


26, 


1875 


Toy pistol. 


223,963 


Jan. 


27, 


1880 


Coat hook. 


241,090 


Maj 


3, 


1881 


Attachment for driving reins. 


6,279 


Nov. 


26, 


1872 


Design for a harness bell stand. 


10,851 


Oct. 


I, 


1878 


Design for a toy money box. 



Taylor, Augustus E., & Jewett R. 

Johnson. 

204,861 June II, 1878 Burglar alarm. 

Thatcher, Frederick B., & Joseph W. 

Johnson. 

305^353 Sep. 16, 1884 Bottle filling machine. 

Thomson, Elihu. 

242,488 June 7, 1881 Commutator for dynamo electric ma- 

chines. 
Electro magnetic device. 
Electric lamp. 
1882 Electric lamp. 

System of electrical distribution. 
Electric lamp. 
Electric arc lamp. 
Electric arc lamp. 
Electric arc lamp. 

Preventing flashing between electric con- 
ductors. 
Regulator for dynamo electric machines. 
Electric arc lamp. 
Dynamo electric machine. 
Regulator for dynamo electric machines. 



250,175 


Nov. 


29, 


250,463 


Dec. 


6, 


253-958 


Feb. 


2T, 


255-824 


April 


4, 


256,605 


" 


18, 


258,604 


May 


30, 


261,067 


J"Lv 


II, 


261,790 


" 


25, 


265,936 


Oct. 


10, 


265,937 


a 


" 


265,993 


11 


17, 


269,605 


Dec. 


26, 


•269,606 


'' 


'^ 



86 



271.947 Feb. 6, i{ 

271.948 " 

272,353 " 131 

272,920 " 27, 

273,406 March 6, 

274,413 " 20, 

275.289 April 3, 

275.290 '' 



281,416 


July 17, 




283,167 


Aug. 14, 




283,168 


" " 




283,437 


'* 21, 




289,580 


Dec. 4, 




294,094 


Feb. 26, 


1884 


294,095 


(I >( 




295,836 


March 25, 




296,799 


April 15, 




302,960 


Aug. 5, 




302,961 


H l( 




303,898 


19, 




335-158 


Feb 2, 


1S86 


335,159 


" ^' 




335^160 


(I (' 




350,955 


Oct. 19, 




399,800 


March, 19. 


,1889 


447,383 


3. 


1891 


488,585 


Dec. 27, 


1892 



Commutator for dynamo electric ma- 
chines, 
Electric current regulator. 
Electro magnetic retarding device. 
Electric arc lamp. 
Air blast attachment for commutators of 

dynamo electric machines. 
Electric arc lamp. 

Safety self-closing shunt switch for elec- 
tric light circuits. 
Safety self-closing shunt switch for elec- 
tric light circuits. 
Dynamo electric machine. 
Electric commutator or switch. 
Electric lamp. 
Electric lamp. 

Safety device for electric arc lamps. 
Dynamo electric machine. 
Electric power distribution system. 
Double carbon arc lamp. 
Dynamo electric machine. 
Electric lamp. 
Focusing electric arc lamp. 
Electric lamp mechanism. 
Incandescent electric lamp. 
System of electric distribution. 
Incandescent electric lamp. 
Cut-out apparatus for electric lamps. 

Dynamo electric machine. 

Electric arc lamp. 

Electric arc lamp. 



Thomson, Elihu, & E. Wilbur Rice. 

320,017 June 16, 1885 Cut out for electric circuits. 



Thornton, William H,, & Alfred Beam. 

202,606 April 16, 1878 Rubber butt plate for guns. 



87 

Thurston, Charles H. 

306,294 Oct 7i 1884 Wardrobe hook. 

Tracy, Thomas. 

62,981 March 19, 1867 Butt machine, 

Tracy, Thomas, & Charles E. Hart. 

258,685 May 30, 1882, Skate. • 

Traut, Frederick A. 

36,973 Nov. 18, 1862 Carpenter's bench gauge. 



38,252 


April 


21, 


1863 


Plumb and level combined. 


85,708 


Jan. 


5, 


1869 


Parallel ruler. 






Traut, Justus A. 


48.327 


June 


20, 


1865 


Joint of folding rules. 


63,341 


March 26, 


1867 


Endless belt for polishing. . 


82,769 


Oct. 


6, 


1868 


Adjusting spirit level. 


107,125 


Sep. 


6, 


1870 


Device for cutting wire or cord from 
bottle stoppers. 


114,626 


May 


9, 


1871 


Adjustable bevel. 


125,858 


April 


16, 


1872 


Try square. 


128,513 


July 


2, 




Spirit level. 


131^195 


Sep. 


10, 




Clamp. 


132,421 


Oct. 


22, 




Carpenter's gauge. 


136,469 


March 4, 


1873 


Carpenter's plane. 


141,475 


Aug. 


5, 




Carpenter's gauge. 


150,732 


May 


12, 


1874 


Carpenter's gauge. 


151,254 


" 


26, 




Carpenter's square. 


151,521 


June 


2, 




Plumb bob. 


159,865 


Feb. 


16, 


1875 


Block plane. 


168,431 


Oct. 


5, 




Bench plane. 


186,281 


Jan. 


16, 


1877 


Device for adjusting plane irons. 


192,139 


June 


19, 




Miter box. 


194.851 


Sep. 


4, 




Carpenter's level. 


197,530 


Nov. 


27, 




Door check. 


206,507 


July 


30, 


1878 


Bench plane. 


219,186 


Sep. 


2, 


1879 


Bench plane. 


266,556 


Oct. 


24, 


1882 


Try square 


284,777 


Sep. 


II. 


1883 


Beading tool. 



88 



291,815 Jan. 


8, 


1884 


Bench plane. 


293,822 Feb. 


19. 




Gauge for plane bits. 


306,877 Oct. 


21, 




Bench plane. 


308,332 Nov. 


18, 




Rabbet plane. 


316,079 April 


21, 


1885 


Plane. 


319^039 June 


2, 




Bench plane. 


335>305 Dec. 


15, 




Floor plane. 


334,856 Feb. 


9i 


1886 


Beading tool. 


334,308 Jan. 


12, 




Face plate for marking gauges. 


335,674 Feb. 


23. 




Plane. 


338,570 March 


23, 




Bench plane. 


342,235 Maj 


18, 




Plane. 


352,721 Nov. 


16, 




Level attachment for boring tools. 


365,031 June 


14. 


1887 


Trammel point. 


376,455 Jan. 


17. 


1888 


Bench plane. 


377.178 „ 


31. 




Clapboard bracket. 


378,854 Feb. 


28, 




Grooving and boxing tool for carriage 
makers. 


386,509 July 


24, 




Bench plane. • 


387,570 Aug. 


7. 




Pocket rule. 


391,283 Oct. 


16, 




Box handle. 


395,.528 Jan. 


I, 


1889 


Box handle. 


397,449 Feb. 


5. 




Bottle stopper. 


400,272 March 26, 




Bottle stopper 


402,869 May 


7. 




Sighting attachment for levels. 


405,624 June 


18, 




Sighting attachment for spirit lev^els. 


408,364 Aug. 


6, 




Bottle stopper. 


421,786 Feb. 


18, 


1890 


Spirit level. 


422,852 March 4, 




Bevel. 


423,969 - 


25. 




Spirit level. 


431,086 July 


I, 




Bottle opener. 


431.859 '' 


8, 




Key chain. 


437,874 Oct. 


7. 




Button. 


442,153 Dec. 


9. 




Buckle. 


442,926 " 


16, 




Trousers stretcher. 


443.245 '' 


23. 




Buckle. 


44S'099 Jan. 


20, 


1891 


Trousers stretcher and hanger. 


446,543 Feb. 


17. 




Suspender buckle. 


446.721 " 


" 




Suspender buckle 


446.722 " 


11 




Suspender buckle. 


447,924 Marcl 


1 10, 




Suspender buckle. 



^d 



452,880 

453.452 
471.259 

474.199 

478,772 
480,680 
480,791 
480,792 
481,213 
481,515 
504,003 

5' 1,377 
511,820 
516,413 
523,021 
523,022 
523*023 
528,829 
533,329 
534,303 
536,746 
553,879 
555,228 

556,114 

565,096 

565,097 

565,098 

591,662 

645,220 

650,879 

21,400 

21,517 

25,130 

26,464 



May 26, 1 89 1 
June 2, 
March 22, 1892 
May 3, 
July 12, 

Aug. 9, 

16, 



23, 



29, 1893 

Dec. 26, 
Jan. 2, 1894 
March 13, 

]^^y 17, 



Nov 6, 
Jan. 29, 1895 
Feb. 29, 
April 2, 
Feb. 4, 1896 

25, 
March 10, 
Aug. 4, 



Oct. 12, 1897 
March 13, 1900 
June 5, 
March 15, 1892 
May 3, 
Feb. 4, 1896 
Dec. 29, 



Making suspender buckles. 
Spirit level. 
Suspender buckle case. 
Suspender buckle. 
Trousers guard. 
Suspender buckle. 
Cast-off buckle. 
Snap hook. 
Buckle. 

Marking gauge. 
Marking gauge. 
Spirit level. 
Clasp. 
Plane. 
Level. 
Level. 
Level. 
Plane. 

Rabbett plane. 
Spirit level. 
Plane. 

Scraping tool. 

Spokeshave and rabbett plane 
Core box plane. 
Apparatus for adjusting levels. 
Level. 
Level. 
Plane. 

Bench plane. 
Measuring device. 
Design for a clasp. 
Design for a buckle. 
Design for a level frame or block- 
Design for a tool handle 



90 

26.768 March 16, 1897 Design for a tool handle. 

26.769 " '' Design for a tool handle. 
27,474 Aug. 3, 1897 Design for a plane body. 

28,265 Feb. 8, 1898 Design for a try square and miter. 

Traut, Justus A., & Christian Bodmer. 

515,063 Feb. 20, 1894 Plane. 

540,283 June 4, 1895 Plane. 

562.678 " 23, 1896 Machines for graduating glasses or tubes. 

562.679 " '' Marking level glasses. 

Traut, Justus A., & G. F. Hall, 

Newark. N. J. 

389,647 Sep. 18, 1888 Attachment for carpenter's rules. 

Traut, Justus A., & Charles L. Mead, 

New York, N.Y. 

378,704 Feb. 28, 1888 Bench plane. 

Traut, Justus A., & Henry Richards. 

82,640 Sep. 29, 1868 Endless belt. 

175,758 April 4, 1876 Box scraper. 

176 151 " 18, Spokeshave. 

176,152 " " Bench plane. 

Traut, Justus A., & Charles E. Riecker. 

448,791 March 24, 1891 Bag holding apparatus. 

Traut, Justus A., & Edmund A. Shade. 

532,842 Jan. 22, 1895 Bench plane. 

553»322 " 21, 1896 Miter and level plane. 

Treat, John J. 

660,230 Oct. 23, 1900 Lock. 



91 

Tuck, J. Warren. 

155,686 Oct. 6, 1874 Machine for dressing the knuckle joints 

of hinges. 
205,926 Julj' 9, 1878 Pump. 

Turnbull, Andrew. 

48,242 June 13, 1865 Door bell. 

55*558 " 12, 1866 House bell. 

107^567 Sep. 20, 1870 Ratchet feed mechanism. 

115,544 May 30, 1871 Clothes line housing. 

128,438 June 25, 1872 Bed bottom. 

137,511 April I, 1873 Bed bottom. 

166,569 Aug. 10, 1875 Letter scales. 

193,576 July 24, 1877 Weighing scales. 

218,341 Aug. 5, 1879 Hydraulic fire escape. 

296,650 April 8, 1884 Fire escape. 

322,870 July 21, 1885 Weighing scale. 

378,382 Feb. 21, 1888 Weighing scale. 

Turnbull, Andrew, & Francis N. Frost. 

168,810 Oct. II, 1875 Lawn mower. 

Turnbull, Andrew, & John Gerard. 

177,499 May 16. 1876 Fire apparatus. 

^90*573 " 8, 1877 Fire escape (hydraulic). 

Turnbull, Andrew, & Rodolphus L. Webb. 

125,421 April 9, 1872 Bed bottom. 

139,837 June 10, 1873 Fruit parer. 

Turnbull, Robert E. 

243,475 June 28, 1 88 1 Toy bank. 

Viets, Imlay B. 

2,600 March 19, 1867 Design for an axe handle. 



92- 
Voight, Henry G. 



421.994 


Feb 


25' 


1890 


Latch hub. 


434^491 


Aug. 


19. 




Lock or latch bolt. 


480,299 


" 


9. 


1892 


Cylinder lock and key. 


554.804 


Feb. 


18, 


1896 


Knob attachment. 


572,844 


Dec. 


8, 


. 


Lock. 


574.506 


Jan. 


5- 


1897 


Lock. 


574.645 


" 


" 




Latch 


576,242 


Feb. 


2, 




Latch. 


587.564 


Aug. 


3- 




Master key pin lock. 


591.439 


Oct. 


12, 




Grand master key cylinder lock, 


600,627 


March 15, 


189S 


Padlock. 


602,886 


April 


26, 




Latch. 


610,20 ) 


Sep. 


6, 




Sash fastener. 


614,312 


Nov. 


15, 




Padlock. 


618,487 


Jan. 


3'. 


1899 


Padlock. 


621,874 


March 28, 




Stop for latches. 


621,875 


K 


^' 




Pin lock. 


623,296 


April 


18, 




Lock or latch case. 


624,411 


May 


2, 




Cylinder lock. 


624,412 


" 


'^ 




Sash fastener. 


625,073 


" 


16, 




Night latch. 


629,630 


July 


25. 




Cylinder lock. 


632,292 


Sep. 


5, 




Master key padlock. 


632,293 


" 


'I 




Door bell. 


632,294 


ti, 


(I 




Reversible latch 


632,295 


K 


" 




Door knob. 


634.565 


Oct. 


10, 




Cupboard latch. 


636,303 


Nov. 


7'. 




Padlock. 


639,006 


Dec. 


12, 




Knob attachment. 


647,731 


April 


17. 


1900 


Lock case. 


648,471 


May 


I, 




Keeper for locks and latches. 


29,701 


Nov. 


22, 


1898 


Design for a padlock case. 


30.845 


May 


23. 


1899 


Design for a latch or lock case. 


30,894 


'' 


30, 




Design for a lock case. 


31,928 


Dec. 


5, 




Design for a latch case. 


31.929 


I' 


(I 




Design for a keeper for locks and latches, 


32.392 


March 


127, 


1900 


Design for a lock case. 


32, 38 


May 


8, 




Design for a padlock. 



93 

Voight, Henry G., & Charles M. Burgess. 

450'353 April 14, 1891 Stop for latches. 

Voight, Henry C, & Norman B. Hurd. 

632, 29[ Sep. 5, 1899 Door check. 

Wales, Louis H. 

Design for a padlock case. 
Design for a knob face or cap. 
Design for a door escutcheon. 
Design for a padlock. 
Design for a knob face or cap. 
32,621 " " Design for a plate for attachment to doors. 

Warner Henry D. 

573'559 Dec. 22, 1896 Breast strap slide. 

Warner, Joseph. 



31,621 
32,316 


Oct. 10, 1S99 
March 6, 1900 


32,317 
32,619 
32,620 


May I, 

11 (( 



19^596 


March 19, 1858 


Carpet stretcher. 


31,198 


Jan. 22, 1861 


Kettle handle. 




Webb, Rodolphus L. 


55^563 


June 12, 1866 


Snap hook. 


72,946 


Dec. 31, 1867 


Reversible latch. 


109,979 


6, 1870 


Twine holder. 


137,159 


March 25, 1873 


Reversible knob latch. 


168,307 


Sep. 18, 1875 


Coffee mill. 


230,374 


July 20, 1880 


Inkstand. 


251,011 


Dec. 13, 1881 


Coffee mill. 


254.414 


Feb. 28, 1882 


Coffee mill. 


338,123 


March 16, 1886 


Graduating dials. 



Webb, Rodolphus L„ & John Gerard. 

377,555 Feb. 7. 1888 Molasses gate. 

Webb, Rodolphus L., & David Mosman. 

203,757 May 14, 1878 Inkstand. 



94 
Webb, Rodolphus L., & Andrew Turnbull, 

125,421 April 9, 1872 Bed bottom. 

139,837 June 10, 1873 Fruit parer. 

Weiant, Albert E. 

539,462 May 21, 1895 Pipe bracket. 

Wells, Albert S. 

100,826 March 15, 1870 Metal pouring ladle. 

i37'398 April i, 1873 Bed bottom. 

Wessel, Frederick. 

363,030 May 17, 1887 Ear stud. 

539,158 " 1 4' 1895 Scarf pin guard. 

4,256 July 19, 1870 Design for a bracelet. 

Wheeler, Sarah Jane. 

31,199 Jan. 22, 1861 Curry comb. 

Whitbeck, Arthur J. 

610,594 Sep. 13, 1898 Bicycle tire repair kit. 

White, Charles J. 

380,154 March 27, 1888 Spring clasp. 

497,847 May 23, 1893 Button loop. 

521,560 June 19, 1894 Garment supporter. 

537,255 April 9, 1895 Button loop. 

White, Walter B. 

178,693 June 13, 1876 Butter package. 

552,342 Dec. 31, 1895 Compass saw. 

Wiard, John. 

63*593 April 2, 1867 Sash fastener. 

71,350 Nov. 26, Key guard for door locks. 

78,849 June 9, 1868 Cattle tie. 



95 
Widmayer, Louis. 

6,724 June 24, 1873 Design for a drawer pull. 

7,076 Dec. 23, Design for a lock case. 

10,029 May 29, 1877 Design for a door knob. 

Widmayer, Louis, & Francis T. Fracker. 

9,882 April 3, 1877 Design for a hinge. 

Wighlman, John E. 

224,662 Feb. 17, 1880 Snap hook. 

224,857 " 24, Snap hook. 

11,649 " 10, Design for a roller buckle. 

Williams, Henry C. 

395,469 Jan. I, 1889 Bustle. 

438,789 Oct. 21, 1890 Doorbell. 

Winter, William E. 

616,045 Dec. 13, 1898 Mailing package. 

Wood, Lucius A. 

373,118 Nov. 15, 1887 Organ reed. 

Wood, Spencer H. 

239,690 April 5, 1881 Circuit closer. 

Woodruff, Lucius. 

35,912 July 15, 1862 Lock. 

Woodruff, Mahlon J. 

97^332 Nov. 30, 1869 Latch. 

Woodruff, William W. 

77,154 April 21, 1868 Fermentation bung. 



OUR EARLY MANUFACTURERS. 



"THE ORIGIN OF NEW BRITAIN'S 
MANUFACTURERS." 



As taken from a clipping deposited in the Institute 
Library by Prof. David N. Camp, cut from the " New 
Britain News," dated Aug. i8, i860 : 



The " New Britain News" was edited and published weekly for 
about a year by the Hon. Valentine B. Chamberlain, and printed by 
Mr. Lucius M Guernsey (now of Mystic, Conn). It was discontinued 
when Judge Chamberlain enlisted for the war in the summer of 1861. 
It was followed by Mr. Guernsey's " True Citizen," the first number 
of which was issued Jan. 18, 1862. The '^ New Britain Weekly Advo- 
cate," by James N Phelps, (according to the edition of March 13, 1850,) 
began Jan. 5th of that year. The " New Britain Journal and Bristol 
Chronicle " was published by Oliver P. Brown ; edited by Foote & 
Brown. Office in Dickenson's block. The issue of April 5, 185 1, was 
Vol. 2, No. 43. In a recent letter, Mr. Guernsey says that the '' North 
and South," published by Elihu Burritt, for a time, to advocate his 
scheme of " compensated emancipation," printed by Mr. Guernsey, and 
continued by the latter under the name of the " North and South and 
New Britain Journal," preceded the '' New Britain News." 
For more about New Britain newspapers, see Camp's History of New 
Britain, p. 253. 



98 

^'THE ORIGIN OF 
NEW BRITAIN MANUFACTURERS. 

BY THE 

Hon. Frederick T. Stanley. 



This village has acquired some reputation for its manu- 
factures. Its fabrics are familiar in all markets of our own 
country, and exported to some extent to foreign markets. It 
may be well for the present generation to know who planted 
the germ of what is now a thriving and successful village, a 
locality aside from any thoroughfare of public travel whose 
beginnings had no advantages of capital or water-power, or 
any material advantages for the prosecution of business. It 
is evident it had in its original elements something of what 
is called energy and enterprise among its fathers. The time 
is not remote when all living witnesses will have passed 
away. These details have been collected from the survivors 
of early times, and are sufficient to determine the origin of 
this village, and to whose exertions is due the establishment 
of a manufacturing community. 

The school society of New Britain was formerly a part 
of the town of Berlin, and the division in 1850 left the pres- 
ent town of New Britain the same boundaries as the original 
school society. Its population fifty years ago was mainly 
on the outskirts of the parish and but few settlements where 
the village now stands. 

In tracing back the history of this town we find in the 
year 1800 there were seven or eight families occupying the 
lands on what is now the present village. These lands were 
then the farms of the Lees, Norths, Booths, Judds, Harts, 
Beldens and a few others. There was then what is usually 



99 

found in similar communities, a blacksmith, shoemaker, 
cooper, sadler, cabinet maker,* etc. James North had a 
blacksmith shop ; James Booth a shoe shop and tannery ; 
Aaron Roberts a joiner and cabinet maker's shop ; Erastus 
Lewis a tin shop, etc. ; a saw-mill north of the village owned 
by the Judds, and a grist-mill south of the village owned by 
the Harts. James North had, previous to 1800, made a few 
brass buckles, andirons, etc., and sold them to his neighbors. 
He wanted his sons to have mechanical trades, and sent 
James, the oldest, to Stockbridge, Mass., to learn a trade of 
Joseph Barton. Seth J. he took into his own shop as a 
blacksmith. Alvin was sent to Hartford to learn the cabinet 
maker's trade of John I. Wells. The two younger sons, 
Henry and Wm. B., took the trades of wagon maker and 
jeweler. James North, Jr., at Stockbridge, learned, in part, 
various trades which were common in those days. Barton 
made silver spoons, sleigh bells, andirons, plain jewelry, 
clocks, etc. Arriving at his majority in 1779, his father 
built him a small shop for a casting shop and near it another 
small building for a finishing shop. These shops were on 
land now the garden of Horace Booth. Here he made, in 
small quantities, bells, andirons, clocks, spoons, harness and 
shoe buckles, and the latter were transported in saddle-bags, 
on horseback to Albany, and sold to the Dutch. These 
were the first shops for any manufacturing designed for a 
market abroad and James North Jr., was the first manufac- 
turer in this village and commenced in 1800. Seth J. North, 
becoming of age in the fall of 1800, worked a short time in 
his brother's shop, and soon after carried it on himself, and 
James North, Jr., removed to Cherry Valley, N. Y. 

About 1 80 1, Joseph Shipman having served his appren- 
ticeship also with Barton, returned to his native town and 
set up another small shop near his father's residence, on the 
place recently owned by Eliphalet Howd, pursuing the same 



100 

business as James North, Jr. A year or two after his shop 
was burned down, and he removed three-quarters of a mile 
north of the village, built new shops, and enlarged his busi- 
ness. In 1803, Seth J. North received from his father what 
was called the ''Sugden place, "where Henry Stanley's house 
now stands, and built new shops and carried on the business 
of blacksmith and brass founder. These two brass foundries 
of Seth J. North and Joseph Shipman, were continued down 
to 1840 without competition, the markets of Boston and 
Albany, and New York and Philadelphia being divided 
between them. They continued the leading business until 
1830. The capital on which these two concerns were started, 
was borrowed of the Rev. Dr. Smalley. Lathes were then 
propelled by foot power ; as business increased, horse power 
was used down to 1830, when steam power was first intro- 
duced by Stanley, Clark & Waters, where the lock business 
first began, in the building now occupied as a store by Hall 
& Stanley, and steam is now in use with one exception 
throughout the. village. 

In 1807, a company composed of Seth J. North, Isaac 
and Thomas Lee, Wm. Smith and Joseph Shipman, was 
formed for making jewelry, and various articles were made, 
ear drops, breast pins, etc. This commenced in a small 
building where the barn of O. C. Stanley now stands, (back 
of the B. C. Porter block,) and had been the residence of 
**01d Aunt Viah" so called. In a year or more it was found 
necessary to build larger, and a new company was formed, 
a large shop was built a little north of the present residence 
of Dr. Hart, (now the Y. M. C. A. building,) and when the 
business was abandoned three or four years afterward, the 
building was bought by Isaac and Thomas Lee, and moved 
on the east side of the road, and occupied as a dwelling 
It has been recently known as a hotel kept by J. W. Humph- 



101 

rey, and removed to Cedar street, where the present Humph- 
rey house was built, (now the Park Hotel.) This jewelry 
company was the second branch of business attempted until 
1812. 

In December 181 2, Alvin North, Seth J. North and 
Hezekiah C. Whipple, began what was called the ''plating, 
business" on Alvin North's corner. Silver plated copper 
wire was drawn and made into hooks and rings for men's 
overcoats, hooks and eyes for women's wear, curb chains for 
bridles, etc., which business has never been abandoned, 
terminating at last in plated saddlery hardware by O. B. 
North & Co. and H. Butler and Sons, and hooks and eyes 
by North, Stanley & Co. 

During the war (1812) a company was formed to make 
roller buckles, and the buildings stood on ground near the 
post office. Knives and forks were made by Jesse Hart, on 
the corner of West Main street, where is now the Baptist 
church- Wrought iron table butts were made by Chauncy 
Wright. Bureau locks, bellows pipes, sad irons, etc., were 
made by Samuel Booth and Norman Woodruff, and wooden 
candlesticks by Theron Hart. The Peace of 181 5 closed up 
these different branches, and the brass foundries of Seth J. 
North and Joseph Shipman and the plating business of 
North & Whipple were the only manufactories in 18 16 at the 
close of the war. 

During this period of fifteen years, the agricultural in- 
terests of the society of New Britain had been improved and 
enlarged and the population of the society had increased. 
The store of Elnathan Smith was the first in the limits of the 
parish on what is called East street. In 1805 or 1806, Isaac 
and Thomas Lee built the first store within the present limits 
of the Borough, at the northwest corner of the green, where 



102 

is now the residence of Henry North. From 1816 to 182 1 
little progress was made either in business or population, 
except in the outskirts of the parish. 

The new meeting house, recently known as the old north 
church, and at present as ''Strickland Hall," (where the 
Burritt school stands), was erected in 1822 by the Congre- 
gational society, there being no other ecclesiastical society 
then here occupying any church edifice. A Baptist society 
was organized in 1805, and a Methodist in 1818, neither at 
this time having any place for public worship. The location 
of this church formed a nucleus for the growth of the village. 
In the following year, 1823, the Messrs. Lee built the stone 
store opposite the new church, and soon after the store of 
O. R. Burnham & Co. was built on ground where now stands 
the residence of Curtis Whaples, (where Hotel Bassett 
stands) afterwards removed and now known as the "South 
Store." From 181 7 to 1823, Messrs. Lee manufactured a 
few buttons, snaps, hooks and eyes, etc., and glass beads 
were made into various articles, and the plating business of 
hooks and rings, hook and eyes, cloak clasps, etc., had been 
commenced and continued by L. P. Lee & Co. several years. 
The brass business had branched off in the hands of Chauncy 
Cornwell, Josiah Dewey, Norman Woodruff and others ; and 
James North., Jr., had returned from Cherry Valley in 181 8, 
and resumed his former business as brass founder. No great 
additions of new branches were made until 1830. The 
business already established had, however, . been much ex- 
tended from 1823 to 1830 and largely increased in 1836. 
The financial crash of 1837 paralyzed a large portion of its 
business, heavy losses were made, and it was not until 1843 
that they might be said to have successfully resumed busi- 
ness. From that time to 1857 nearly all branches had been 
successful and large additions have been made to the capital 
and business of the village. The manufacture of hardware 



103 

has been its leading featuje, and the principal exceptions are 
the shirt factories of Isaac N. Lee & Son, Julius Parker and 
Wm, Bingham ; the hook and eye establishment of North, 
Stanley & Co.; the jewelry business of Churchill, Stanley & 
Co., and the New Britain Jewelry Co. and the New Britain 
Knitting Co., the latter one of the largest and most success- 
ful corporations in the place. 

The prosperity of the village is eminently due to the 
enterprise and public spirit of the late Major Seth J. North. 
His energy and ambition have been directed through life to 
the advancement of its best interests. The impress of his 
mind and hand are seen in all things that have contributed 
to the elevation of the social, moral, educational, and busi- 
ness of the community. Indefatigable in his efforts for 
accumulation, and always successful; his benefactions were 
liberally applied to all objects of public interest and private 
charities, and he lived long enough to realize the organiza- 
tion of an industrious, intelligent, and respectable village. 
He was emphatically the father and founder of New Britain. 



sm 28 1907 



